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Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security
Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS CEFPI Southern Region Conference April 16, 2011
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Agenda Why are we here today Communicating with the architect
Architects and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Closing Thoughts
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Why are we here today?
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Why are we here today? Because none of us are perfect
Increase our awareness of the relationship between building design & safety/security Improve our collaboration between the owner, the architect (and law enforcement) Develop the “question everything” attitude Maintain the balance
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Communicating with the architect
What are your priorities as a District for school safety during the design phase? What are theirs? Use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
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Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance:
“Consists of increasing visibility within and around a facility by encouraging its legitimate occupants and observers to increase their observation, detection and reporting of trespassers and misconduct.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED
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Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control:
“Intended to deny access to crime targets and to create a perception of risk to offenders.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 7
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Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement:
“…is about establishing a sense of ownership by building owners and occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers and sending the message that a would-be-offender will be identified and challenged.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 8
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Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance
Windows for staff observation Glazing, tinting, ballistics Protection from smash and grab Observation of entrance and parking areas 9
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Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance
Interior Surveillance – Direct Line of Sight (LOS) Hallways Reduce Blind Corners – Mirrors Stairwells – Align with hallway traffic flow
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Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance Barriers Windows in the sun
Vegetation Structural columns Recessed classroom door entrances Hiding areas and blind corners Vestibules with hidden doors Other buildings 11
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Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance
Architects and CPTED Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance 12
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Surveillance and safety challenges
Architects and CPTED Surveillance and safety challenges 13
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Natural Surveillance – columns
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – columns 14
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Natural Surveillance – blind corner
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – blind corner 15
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Natural Surveillance - columns
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance - columns 16
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What Natural Surveillance?
Architects and CPTED What Natural Surveillance? 17
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Vegetation and Natural Surveillance
Architects and CPTED Vegetation and Natural Surveillance 18
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Natural surveillance and solid walls
Architects and CPTED Natural surveillance and solid walls 19
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Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Fencing serves multiple purposes Directs the visitors, Separates wildlife from students Defines the transition from school to public property Avoid the use of solid walls Sidewalks – how far do you go?
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Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Driveways and traffic calming Reinforced planters, barriers, bollards Proper vegetation Exterior doors 21
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Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Controlled Vestibules
Maintain direct surveillance Transaction window & acoustics Bathroom Entrances – S entrance Classroom Doors – locking from the inside and windows near the handles 22
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Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Lay in ceilings in restrooms as a hiding place for drugs and weapons How many ways can we get to the roof Athletic Events How do we separate fans during and following the activity? 23
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Natural Access Control - Roof Access
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Roof Access 24
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Natural Access Control - Climbing
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Climbing 25
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Controlled Vestibules
reception Vestibule Controlled Vestibules 26
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Controlled Vestibules
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Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 28
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Natural Access Control and Surveillance
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control and Surveillance 29
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Natural Access Control - Sidewalk
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Sidewalk 30
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 31
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 32
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 33
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 34
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 35
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 36
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Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways 37
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Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety 38
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Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety 39
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Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control 40
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Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control 41
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Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 42
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Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control 43
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Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement Passive Barriers
Natural Landscaping Elevation changes Fencing Clear and Concise Signage Maintain it 44
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Territoriality Fencing
Architects and CPTED Territoriality Fencing 45
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Clear and Concise Signage
Architects and CPTED Clear and Concise Signage 46
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Territoriality must be maintained
Architects and CPTED Territoriality must be maintained 47
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Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider:
Designating “shelter in place” areas into the architecture. Weather use - hallways for shelter, no gyms or cafeterias – glass, high walls. Designate visitor parking in clear view of the front office. Office location – “Schneider Scale” Target hardening practices 48
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Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider:
CATE – banks and child care Avoid computer labs on exterior walls First responder radio interference Where is the custodian office in relationship to the exterior doors/dumpsters? (for planning access control) How many ways can the nurse get out of the clinic? 49
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Closing Thoughts It starts with the right team - Architect, School District Administration, Structural, Civil, Law Enforcement City officials – local codes (landscaping) Include post occupancy evaluations focused on CPTED, Safety, Security during the one year warranty check 50
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Closing Thoughts Mandatory rough-in for security at all exterior doors
Think outside the box - motions above restrooms? Balance – it is a school not a fortress Remember – question everything 51
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YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION…
The Happy Slide Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS Ph: CONGRATULATIONS! YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION…
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