1. Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security
Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS
CEFPI Southern Region Conference
April 16, 2011

2. Agenda Why are we here today Communicating with the architect
Architects and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Closing Thoughts

3. Why are we here today?

4. Why are we here today? Because none of us are perfect
Increase our awareness of the relationship between building design & safety/security
Improve our collaboration between the owner, the architect (and law enforcement)
Develop the “question everything” attitude
Maintain the balance

5. Communicating with the architect
What are your priorities as a District for school safety during the design phase?
What are theirs?
Use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

6. Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance:
“Consists of increasing visibility within and around a facility by encouraging its legitimate occupants and observers to increase their observation, detection and reporting of trespassers and misconduct.”
Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED

7. Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control:
“Intended to deny access to crime targets and to create a perception of risk to offenders.”
Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 7

8. Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement:
“…is about establishing a sense of ownership by building owners and occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers and sending the message that a would-be-offender will be identified and challenged.”
Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED 8

9. Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance
Windows for staff observation
Glazing, tinting, ballistics
Protection from smash and grab
Observation of entrance and parking areas 9

10. Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance
Interior Surveillance – Direct Line of Sight (LOS)
Hallways
Reduce Blind Corners – Mirrors
Stairwells – Align with hallway traffic flow

11. Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance Barriers Windows in the sun
Vegetation
Structural columns
Recessed classroom door entrances
Hiding areas and blind corners
Vestibules with hidden doors
Other buildings 11

12. Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance
Architects and CPTED
Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance 12

13. Surveillance and safety challenges
Architects and CPTED
Surveillance and safety challenges 13

14. Natural Surveillance – columns
Architects and CPTED
Natural Surveillance – columns 14

15. Natural Surveillance – blind corner
Architects and CPTED
Natural Surveillance – blind corner 15

16. Natural Surveillance - columns
Architects and CPTED
Natural Surveillance - columns 16

17. What Natural Surveillance?
Architects and CPTED
What Natural Surveillance? 17

18. Vegetation and Natural Surveillance
Architects and CPTED
Vegetation and Natural Surveillance 18

19. Natural surveillance and solid walls
Architects and CPTED
Natural surveillance and solid walls 19

20. Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Fencing serves multiple purposes
Directs the visitors,
Separates wildlife from students
Defines the transition from school to public property
Avoid the use of solid walls
Sidewalks – how far do you go?

21. Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Driveways and traffic calming
Reinforced planters, barriers, bollards
Proper vegetation
Exterior doors 21

22. Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control Controlled Vestibules
Maintain direct surveillance
Transaction window & acoustics
Bathroom Entrances – S entrance
Classroom Doors – locking from the inside and windows near the handles 22

23. Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Lay in ceilings in restrooms as a hiding place for drugs and weapons
How many ways can we get to the roof
Athletic Events
How do we separate fans during and following the activity? 23

24. Natural Access Control - Roof Access
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Roof Access 24

25. Natural Access Control - Climbing
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Climbing 25

26. Controlled Vestibules
reception
Vestibule
Controlled Vestibules 26

27. Controlled Vestibules27

28. Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control 28

29. Natural Access Control and Surveillance
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control and Surveillance 29

30. Natural Access Control - Sidewalk
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Sidewalk 30

31. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 31

32. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 32

33. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 33

34. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 34

35. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 35

36. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 36

37. Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Driveways 37

38. Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Safety 38

39. Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control - Safety 39

40. Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED
Natural Surveillance and Access Control 40

41. Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED
Natural Surveillance and Access Control 41

42. Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control 42

43. Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED
Natural Access Control 43

44. Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement Passive Barriers
Natural Landscaping
Elevation changes
Fencing
Clear and Concise Signage
Maintain it 44

45. Territoriality Fencing
Architects and CPTED
Territoriality Fencing 45

46. Clear and Concise Signage
Architects and CPTED
Clear and Concise Signage 46

47. Territoriality must be maintained
Architects and CPTED
Territoriality must be maintained 47

48. Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider:
Designating “shelter in place” areas into the architecture.
Weather use - hallways for shelter, no gyms or cafeterias – glass, high walls.
Designate visitor parking in clear view of the front office.
Office location – “Schneider Scale”
Target hardening practices 48

49. Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider:
CATE – banks and child care
Avoid computer labs on exterior walls
First responder radio interference
Where is the custodian office in relationship to the exterior doors/dumpsters? (for planning access control)
How many ways can the nurse get out of the clinic? 49

50. Closing Thoughts
It starts with the right team - Architect, School District Administration, Structural, Civil, Law Enforcement
City officials – local codes (landscaping)
Include post occupancy evaluations focused on CPTED, Safety, Security during the one year warranty check 50

51. Closing Thoughts Mandatory rough-in for security at all exterior doors
Think outside the box - motions above restrooms?
Balance – it is a school not a fortress
Remember – question everything 51

52. YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION…
The Happy Slide
Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS
Ph:
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU SURVIVED THIS PRESENTATION…