1. The Progressive Presidents

2. Problems facing Progressive Presidents
Immigration:
TR's era
Influx of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
Gentleman's Agreement dealing with Japanese immigration
Today
Influx of immigrants from Mexico
Various proposals for amnesty for illegal immigrants.

3. Conservation:
TR's era
Resistance to presidential efforts to set aside western lands for National Forests, Reclamation Projects, Game & Bird Preserves, etc.
Today
Efforts to reopen western public lands to development.

4. Balancing Labor with Big Business and Consumerism: TR's era
Mediating Anthracite Coal Strike
Addressing consumer concerns for safer food.
Today
Balancing American labor demands with corporate need to keep down labor costs by sending jobs overseas.
Renewed concerns for food, especially meat, safety.

5. Anti-Trust Issues:
TR's era
45 suits to break trusts that set prices/stop competition.
Today
Concerns and lawsuits, especially directed toward tele-communications and computer technology corporations to oppose domination of industry by a few companies.

6. Defining America's Role in the World: TR's era
Presidential use of mediation, international arbitration and courts in dealing with international problems.
Today -
America's relationship with the international community, especially with regard to the United Nations, the World Court, the international arbitration of problems, etc.

7. Theodore Roosevelt as President

8. Teddy Becomes President
1901 becomes president when William McKinley is assassinated
Youngest person to serve as president (42 years old)
1st Progressive President
Plan for Progressive Reforms called the Square Deal

9. TR vs. Big Business
Known as “Trustbuster” because he breaks up Standard Oil
He didn’t think all trusts were bad
Sets up the Bureau of Corporations to Monitor Big Business
Used Gentleman’s Agreements to give Business owners a chance to fix any wrongdoings

10. TR and Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair was a muckraker
Book forced TR to get the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
Video: Great Books: The Jungle

11. Compare Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle to Super Size Me

12. TR and Conservation
Adds over 100 million acres to the national park system
Protects the land from Industry
Appoints Gifford Pinchot head of US Forest Service

13. Other TR Reforms
Hepburn Act – Federal Government sets max Railroad Rates
Newlands Reclamation Act – uses Federal Money to pay for irrigation and land development projects

14. William Taft
As President

15. Taft Becomes President
Hand picked by Roosevelt to succeed him in 1908
Both were Republicans

16. Taft’s Progressive Reforms
Children’s Bureau – Set up to monitor Child Labor
Mann-Elkins Act – regulate telephones and telegraphs
Bigger Trustbuster than T. Roosevelt

17. Taft, Not Progressive Enough?
Ballinger Pinchot Controversy
Richard Ballenger = Taft’s Secretary of the Interior
Planned to sell natural forests
Ratted out in Press by Gifford Pinchot (Roosevelt’s head of Forest Service)
Taft fires Pinchot – TR furious

18. Breaks up US Steel
Roosevelt used a Gentlemen’s agreement to allow US Steel to operate
Standard Oil Co. v US – court determines what is a reasonable trust – Standard Oil broken up

19. Roosevelt and Taft Split
Taft receives the Republican Nomination for President in 1912
Roosevelt forms his own party – The Progressive (Bull Moose) Party- runs for president

20. Campaign Buttons from 1912 election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Progressive Party

21. Republican Party Platform
High import tariffs.
Put limitations on female and child labor.
Workman’s Compensation Laws.
Against initiative, referendum, and recall.
Against “bad” trusts.
Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.
Stay on the gold standard.
Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.

22. Progressive Party Platform
Women’s suffrage.
Graduated income tax.
Inheritance tax for the rich.
Lower tariffs.
Limits on campaign spending.
Currency reform.
Minimum wage laws.
Social insurance.
Abolition of child labor.
Workmen’s compensation.
N e w N a t i o n a l i s m

23. Democratic Party Platform
Government control of the monopolies  trusts in general were bad  eliminate them!!
Tariff reduction.
One-term President.
Direct election of Senators.
Create a Department of Labor.
Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Did NOT support women’s suffrage.
Opposed to a central bank.
Ne w F r e e d o m

24. The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs
The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.

25. Growth of the Socialist Vote
Year
Socialist Party
Socialist Labor Party
Total
1888
2,068
1890
13,704
1892
21,512
1894
30,020
1896
36,275
36,274
1898
82,204
1900
96,931
33,405
130,336
1902
223,494
53,763
277,257
1904
408,230
33,546
441,776
1906
331,043
20,265
351,308
1908
424,488
14,021
438,509
1910
607,674
34,115
641,789
1912
901,873

26. Socialist Party Platform
Government ownership of railroads and utilities.
Guaranteed income tax.
No tariffs.
8-hour work day.
Better housing.
Government inspection of factories.
Women’s suffrage.

27. Up Against the Hurdles

28. Conservation Issue: The Ballinger- Pinchot Controversy

29. The Unanswerable Argument for Suffrage

30. Taft Abandons Support for Women’s Suffrage
Never Again!
Taft Abandons Support for Women’s Suffrage

31. Lynching & the Race Issue

32. An Actual 1912 Ballot

33. Political Parties during the Progressive Era
Cut out the circles and paste them on your paper
Cut out the descriptions of political parties and try to match them up to the political party names
Glue descriptions onto paper
Keep this in your notebook to help explain political parties

34. Election Results
By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.
The 1912 election marked the apogee of the Socialist movement in America.

35. GOP Divided by Bull Moose Equals Democratic Victory!

36. Taft and Roosevelt split votes
Democrat Woodrow Wilson is elected

37. Woodrow Wilson
As President

38. Wilson as a Progressive
Called his plan for progressive reforms: New Freedom
Only Progressive President who was a Democrat

39. Wilson Progressive Reforms
Federal Reserve Act
Creates Federal Reserve System
Uses interest rates to regulate money supply
Federal Trade Commission
Can issue cease and desist orders on companies that hurt fair competition
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Gave unions the right to exist
Underwood Tariff
Included provision for a federal income tax

40. Legacy of Progressivism
1st time the Federal Government passed laws that protected workers and regulated big business
Role of Federal government expanded

41. Limits of Progressivism
Does not address problems facing African Americans
Sharecropping
Jim Crow
Poll Taxes, Literacy tests, or Grandfather Clause
African Americans from NAACP to help themselves achieve goals