1. Training in Handling Hazardous Materials SDSU Microfabrication Facility

2. Chemical Inventory
Each Laboratory must maintain a complete, accurate and up to date chemical inventory.
The inventory should include:
All Chemicals
Hazardous
Non-hazardous
Compressed Gasses

3. Chemical Inventory
When you are doing the inventory, it is a good time to discard any chemicals that are:
Expired
No longer being used
Container has been compromised, i.e. Cracked lid
Label is illegible
Submit your updated inventory to EH&S on the yearly basis.

4. Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDS
A Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS is information provided by the manufacturer and maintain by the employer to inform employees of the possible hazards associated with chemicals being used in their work area. It is part of a hazard communication program.

5. Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDS
As stated in 29 CFR (g)(8), “the employer (Lab) shall maintain in the workplace copies of the required MSDS…and shall ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area.” This can be done by:
Shared database in which all laboratory workers have access.
Stored hardcopies that are sent from the manufacturer.

6. Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDS
Each Laboratory must maintain a current MSDS for each chemical or compound being stored or used in the laboratory.
MSDS location must be clearly marked.
Each laboratory worker need know how to use and understand MSDS’s.

7. MSDS Content Chemical Id Hazardous Ingredients Physical Data
Synonyms
Hazardous Ingredients
PEL, TLV
Physical Data
Appearance and odor
Fire & Explosion Data
Flash-point
Health Hazards
Toxic, Carcinogen, etc.
Physical Hazards
Corrosive, Oxidizer, etc.
Reactivity data
Incompatibles
Spill Procedures
Follow MSDS directions.
Special Protection
Wear appropriate PPE
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Headache, Nausea, etc.
The structure of a MSDS’s differs between manufacturers.
GENERALLY
1) Product Identification, chemical manufacturers address, emergency tel #.
2) Whats in the chemical that can harm you. They mention the PEL’s (permissible Exposure levels established by OSHA in PPM. Over the PELS may constitute a toxic environment
3) appearance, odor, volatility
4) temperature chem ignites (100degrees F), extinguishing media
5) symptoms, First Aid
_____
6) chemical react with materials or conditions
7) Primary duty is notification-Coworkers, what use to clean-up
8) Personal Protective Equipment
9) other info

8. MSDS Emergency
In an emergency and you cannot retrieve an MSDS, one can be obtained by calling the 3E Company’s 24 Hour phone #: Or

9. Chemical Storage Separate incompatible chemicals.
Separate organics from inorganic
Separate oxidizers from organics
Separate flammable liquids, acids and bases
Provide earthquake restraints for all shelving when storing chemicals or glassware.

10. Chemical Storage Storage container MUST be compatible with material.
Example: Metal containers cannot be used for acids and bases.
Food containers MUST NEVER BE USED!

11. Flammable Liquids Storage
If a lab has quantities greater than 10 gallons, they must be stored in an approved flammable liquids storage cabinet.
Containers that can be shattered or punctured easily must be in secondary containment.
Do not store with acids or bases.

12. Acids Store in secondary containment
Cannot be stored at or above eye level.
Label cabinets “Acid” with 3” letters
Store by acid class in separate secondary containment
Organic
Inorganic
Oxidizing

13. Common Organic Acids Glacial Acetic Acid Trichloroacetic
Trifluoroacetic Acid
Formic Acid
Citric Acid
Benzoic Acid
Butyric Acid
Propionic Acid

14. Common Inorganic Acids
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrobromic Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Chromic Acid

15. Common Oxidizing Acids
Nitric Acid
Perchloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid

16. Bases Store in secondary containment
Store away from acids and solvents
Cannot be stored at or above eye level.
Label cabinets “Base” with 3” letters
Examples:
Hydroxides
Amines
Ammonia
Bleach

17. Compressed Gasses Must be upright and restrained
At least two chains
Separate incompatible gasses
Flammable & Oxidizing by 20 feet
Keep caps on unless in use

18. Chemical Labeling
All containers in the laboratory must be properly labeled with the name of the material being stored in the container. This includes non-hazardous materials such as:
Full name with “no” abbreviations.
Water
Weak buffers
Methanol

19. Chemical Labeling
Containers of hazardous materials must not only include the name of the material but also the physical and health hazards associated with the use of the material.

20. Physical Hazards Explosive Flammable Compressed gas Carcinogen Toxic
Oxidizer
Corrosive
Reactive

21. Health Hazards Corrosive Carcinogen Sensitizer Hepatotoxin Irritant
Neurotoxin
Nephrotoxin
Reproductive toxin
Corrosive
Sensitizer
Irritant
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Chemical exposures
routes of entry
-Inhalation: breathing and taking up material into the lungs
-Ingestion: poor hygiene or eating,
-Absorption :skin
-Injection: sharp instruments
Labs are instructed to properly segregate chemicals by hazard class. Unfortunately due to space constraints. Some hazard classes that should physically be separated are not.

22. “Hazardous Materials Identification System”
HMIS
“Hazardous Materials Identification System”
The HMIS rating is a color-coded, alphanumeric system which gives information about the health, flammability and reactivity of the chemical in question. The system rates a material from a minimal hazard through a serious hazard. It also recommends the appropriate personal protective equipment to be worn when handling the particular chemical.

23. Example of HMIS

24. HM Labeling System - Sample3
San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 1
Ethanol x
-Available through EH while supplies last
-Can be photocopied, reduced, cut up to only show those that apply. The contact name doesn’t apply.
-All hazardous materials should have a label that states the name, the physical and health hazards as well as the target organ.
-Difficult cause we do microchemistry here and this is a big label for little bottle. Labs may use the NFPA or HMIS system.
Example fill out x x x x

25. HMIS Health 0 - Minimal Hazard Not significant risk to health.
1 - Slight Hazard
Irritation or minor reversible injury possible.
2 - Moderate Hazard
Temporary or minor injury may occur.
 3 - Serious Hazard
Major injury likely unless prompt action is taken and medical treatment is given.
4 - Severe Hazard
Life-threatening, major or permanent damage may result from single or repeated over exposures.

26. HMIS Flammability 0 - Minimal Hazard
Materials that will not burn. Usually includes any material that will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 1500°F. for a period of 5 minutes
1 - Slight Hazard
Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.
2 - Moderate Hazard
Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.
 3 - Serious Hazard
Materials capable of ignition under almost all ambient temperature conditions.
4 - Severe Hazard
Materials that will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperatures with a flashpoint below 73°F. Materials may ignite spontaneously with air.

27. HMIS Reactivity 0 - Minimal Hazard
Materials that are normally stable even under fire conditions.
1 - Slight Hazard
Materials that are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.
2 - Moderate Hazard
Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures. These materials may also react violently with water.
3 - Serious Hazard
Materials that are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but require a strong initiating source or materials the react explosively with water.
4 - Severe Hazard
Materials that are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.

28. HMIS Protective Equipment

29. This labeling is not acceptable

30. Exposure
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Injection

31. Exposure Control Prevent exposures to hazardous materials.
Inhalation – Keep containers closed, use the fume hood, reduce volumes
Absorption – Wear gloves, lab coat, safety glasses, clean up spills promptly.
Ingestion – Don’t eat, drink, smoke of apply cosmetics in the laboratory. Don’t store hazardous material in food containers.
Injection – Use care when handling sharps. Properly dispose of sharps.

32. Exposure Control Engineering controls:
- hoods, cabinets, safety cans, trays
Work practices:
- operating procedures
Personal protective equipment:
- safety glasses, lab coats, gloves, no open-toed shoes

33. Types of Emergencies Medical emergency Fire Chemical spill
Biohazardous material spill
Bomb threat
Earthquake
Power outage

34. Emergency Response If an emergency occurs, notify:
Notify your safety officer or EH&S (X46778) and the supervisor of the area.
If after business hours, notify Public Safety (X41991).

35. Fire Happens!

36. Managing Hazardous Chemical Waste

37. What is Hazardous Waste
EPA Definition:
A material is a hazardous waste if due to its quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious characteristics it possesses a substantial present, or potential hazard to human health and the environment and has no known use.

38. What chemical waste must be managed?
Wastes that meet any of the following characteristics.
Ignitable – Flashpoint of ≤ 140°F
Corrosive – pH ≤2 or ≥ 12.5
Toxic – LD-50 < 5000 mg/kg
Reactive – Reacts with anything

39. Hazardous waste must not be disposed of on site.
This includes Storm
or Sewer Drains
…The Trash Can

40. Hazardous waste must not be disposed of on site.
Especially…
Through Waste Treatment!!

41. Satellite Accumulation
These are areas that generate small quantities of Hazardous Waste. This means laboratories.
Definition: An Area that within 9 months accumulates-
No more than 55 gallons of any hazardous waste stream.
No more than 1 quart of any acutely or extremely hazardous waste stream.

42. Hazardous Waste Storage
A funnel is not a cap
This open waste containers needs a cap
Poor waste labeling here as well
Good Secondary Containment
Waste containers must be kept
closed/capped unless waste is being
added or removed!
Waste must

43. Hazardous Waste Storage
Containers with closable/sealable lids or covers.
Containers must be in good condition: no holes, creases, cracks, rust.
They must be compatible to the waste stored in it.
Container open with no label

44. Hazardous Waste Storage
No Food or Beverage Containers.

45. Waste Labeling Label must have the words: “Hazardous Waste”
The name and address of the generator (SDSU)
The waste composition and physical state
Percent volume
Type of Hazard, ie. Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic
The accumulation start date (Month, Day, Year)
Incomplete waste label
-Component label smeared
-No percent volume
-No hazards checked

46. In other words, fill out the entire hazardous waste label!!
Waste Labeling
In other words, fill out the entire hazardous waste label!!

47. “Empty” Containers
> 5 gallons in size which previously held hazardous materials must be managed
< 5 gallons don’t need to be managed
Empty containers that previously held Highly toxic materials must be handled as hazardous waste, ie. “Sodium azide”.

48. “California Empty” Collect: Collect in a safe location Invert to dry:
Invert bottle over paper towels and shake to dry. (Do not air dry in fume hoods or by leaving the lid off)
Deface:
Thoroughly deface the chemical label.
Dispose:
To dispose of the bottle call EH&S.

49. Waste Minimization Key methods for waste minimization Reduce Reuse
Purchase only what you need
Set up experiments so that less solvent or chemicals are needed
Reuse
Reuse empty containers to collect waste
Reuse a solvents if purity is not an issue
Recycle
Some waste oils can be recycled
Some metal cables and tubing can be recycled

50. Waste Container removal
Call EH&S Department at x46778 or x46098.
Never allow more than the maximum amounts to be accumulated.
Satellite containers will be removed within seven working days.

51. Chemical Spills Have a Spill Kit Ready
Set-up kit for your specific needs
Take inventory of the kit frequently
Quickly replace used of missing items

52. Spill Response For Small Spills:
Spills one gallon or less, clean the spill using the material in your spill kit.
Don your proper protective equipment (PPE).
Place contaminated material into your spill bag, seal, and attach a hazardous waste label.
Request a waste pick up of the material from EH&S.
Rats

53. Spill Response For Larger Spills:
Contain the spill if possible, notify others in the area, and evacuate the area.
Notify your safety officer or EH&S and the supervisor of the area.
If after business hours, notify Public Safety (X41991/911 for campus phones).
Do not call Off-campus emergency services. This can lead to longer response time!!

54. Safety Precautions
Keep all hazardous materials or other objects at least 3 feet from electrical panel
Have eye wash station nearby for emergency use

55. Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I know if my waste product is actually hazardous?
A: Other than going though a long and costly waste determination process, give the material to EH&S and let them make that determination.

56. Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I know if a chemical is acute hazardous waste?
A: Acute hazardous waste is given what is called a P-code by the EPA and can be found at the following link:
and click on The P-list and the U-list.
Or go to 40 CFR (e)

57. Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Do I need the exact percentage on the hazardous waste label?
A: No, they can be done in percent ranges like 10-30%. If there are too many components and there is not enough room to list them, then list the three major components or any acute hazardous waste, no matter the amount.

58. The End