1. Villars 2004 Report on the SPSC Villars Meeting September 22-28 2004
John Dainton
University of Liverpool, GB
(on behalf of the SPSC)

2. Villars 2004 Report on the SPSC Villars Meeting Framework
Machines and Beams
Heavy Ions
Neutrinos
Soft and Hard Protons
Antiproton Physics
Flavour Physics
Other Topics
Summary
Report on the SPSC Villars Meeting
September
John Dainton
University of Liverpool, GB
(on behalf of the SPSC)
Note 8/10/04: Overheads are here exactly as presented apart from a small number of bugs which have been fixed, and apart from the inclusion of some overheads skipped in the seminar because of time pressure.

3. 1. Framework

4. Charge
 “to review present and future activities and opportunities in fixed-target physics, and to consider possibilities and options for a future fixed target programme at CERN”
globally important
realistic (beams + resources)
short, intermediate, and long term
 from the SPC
SPSC not in approval/rejection mode !

5. Timetable
 “… groups working on fixed target experiments at CERN, and also groups which have in mind the submission of proposals for such experiments, to forward to the SPSC secretariat in due time a short report indicating their ideas and plans for the future”
 SPSC67 April 2004
11 submissions received +
COMPASS
DIRAC kπ atoms
CNGS }
committed beyond 2005

6. Submissions of Interest
Expression of Interest to Measure Rare Kaon Decays at the CERN SPS (NA48-Future Working Group)
A New Experimental Programme with Nuclei and Proton Beams at the CERN SPS (M. Gazdzicki for NA49 Colln)
Electromagnetic processes in strong crystalline fields - exploring the Schwinger field (U.I. Uggerhoj for NA43 Colln)
COMPASS x (A. Magnon for NA58/COMPASS Colln)
Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons
(R.S. Hayano for AD-3/ASACUSA Colln)
Hadron production measurements (J. Panman for PS214/HARP Colln)
Possible Future Experimental Searches at CERN in Astroparticle Physics (K. Zioutas for the CAST Colln)
Measurement of antimatter gravity with an (anti)matter wave interferometer (C. Regenfus, Physik Inst . Univ. Zürich)
Expression of Interest: Study of dimuon and heavy-flavour production in proton-nucleus and heavy-ion collisions
Antihydrogen Laser Experiment Roadmap (J.S. Hangst)
R&D for Antimatter Spectroscopy (Neutral Atom Trap (NEAT) Colln)

7.  May 25-26: CERN SPL Workshop (also @ Villars)
Timetable contd
 May 25-26: CERN SPL Workshop Villars)
 June 5-8: High Intensity Workshop (INFN)
HIF04 Villars)
 SPSC68 July
programme finalised (speakers fixed)
 September 22 to 28: Villars
 October: CERN
 December: report to RB + SPC

8. Organisation topic chief convener conveners anti-protons H Bialkowska
R Batley, M de Jong
G Hamel de Monchenault
neutrinos
D Wark
M Doser, M Piccolo
heavy flavor
S Forte
J Ritman,A Schäfer
soft and hard hadrons
U Stösslein
M Doser, S Forte
S Kox
Heavy Ions
L Kluberg
I Brock, A Schäfer

9. Programme Date Morning Afternoon Wednesday Sept 22 CERN perspve+accelr
MMWSPL
HIF
Heavy Ion 1
Thursday Sept 23
Heavy Ion 2
Neutrino 1
Friday Sept 24
Neutrino 2
Soft and hard hadron physics 1
Saturday Sept 25
Soft and hard hadron physics 2
Anti-proton 1
Sunday Sept 26
Anti-proton 2
HF 1
Monday Sept 27
HF 2
Other Topics
Discussion
Tuesday Sept 28
Summary, Discussion & Conclusions
[1] including presentations by convenors of conclusions concerning physics directions

10. Invited presentations
Format
Topic structure
Session 1
Session 2
Keynote
introduction1
Invited presentations
with discussion2
Further discussion3
Summary4
Invited speaker
experiments
all
convenors
1 keynote speaker(s) for status and outlook including and “beyond”CERN
2 includes CERN experiment and CERN proto-experiment representatives and, if essential, also summariser(s) from other labs
3 focussing on future strategy
4 first draft of conclusions concerning physics directions

11. SPSC members (= convenors + chair)
Documentation
 Overheads
 Submitted documents
 WG Convenor summaries
 Summary speaker’s conclusions
 SPSC conclusions in Chair’s seminar overheads
 Summary of conclusions and recommendations
written
SPSC members (= convenors + chair)

12. 2. Machines and Beams Aymar, Benedikt, Cervelli, Elsener,
Engelen, Garoby,
Gatignon, Palladino
2. Machines and Beams

13. Users’ View of Future: pre Villars04
Garoby
● as heard by HIP from users
USER
CERN COMMITMENT*
USERS’ WISHES
Short term
(low cost)
Medium term
(intermt cost~ asap !
Long term
(high cost: >2013)
LHC
Planned beams
Ultimate luminosity
Luminosity upgrades
FT (COMPASS)
7.2´105 spills/y ?
7.2´105 spills/y
CNGS
4.5´1019 p/year
Upgrade ~ ´2
ISOLDE
1.92 mA **
Upgrade ~ ´5
Future n beams
> 2 GeV / 4 MW
EURISOL
1-2 GeV / 5 MW
* Reference value for analysis
** 1350 pulses/h – 3.2´1013 ppp

14. ● beam loss irradiation @ high intensity ● period 0.6 s  0.9 s ?
Upgrades
Benedikt
Garoby
● beam loss high intensity
multi-turn ejection from PS (“island extractn”)
● period s  s ?
> cost >
worse PSB flexibility better
● intensity/SPS pulse  increase CNGS flux
- machine impedance (kickers, RF…) ?
- injection energy ?
- bunching in the PS ?
only

15. 72 bunch train for LHC at PS exit [´1011 ppb]
Without upgrades*
Benedikt
Garoby
2006
2007
2010
Basic user’s request
CNGS flux
[´1019 pot/year]
4.4*
4.2*
4.9*
4.5
FT spills
[´105 /year]
3.3
1.8
7.2
E Hall spills
[´106 /year]
1.3
2.3
NTOF flux
1.4
1.6
1.5
ISOLDE flux [μA]
[no. pulses/hour]
1.84
1296
1.65
1160
1.74
1220
1.92
1350
72 bunch train for LHC at PS exit [´1011 ppb]
1.3 (2**)
* with important irradn of PS equipt
** ultimate beam in LHC

16. 72 bunch train for LHC at PS exit [´1011 ppb]
With upgrades
Benedikt
Garoby
●(i) PSB repetition period of 0.9 s
(ii) 7x1013 ppp in SPS
(iii) Linac4 injecting into PSB
Standard
(i)
CNGS
x2 batch
(i)+(ii)
Linac 4
+(iii)
Basic user’s request
CNGS flux [´1019 pot/year]
4.7 (4.5)
7.0 (4.5)
7.5 (4.5)
4.5
FT spills [´105 /year]
3.2 (3.4)
3.0 (5.1)
3.2 (5.6)
7.2
E Hall spills [´106/year]
2.3
NTOF flux [´1019 pot/year]
1.7
1.6
1.5
ISOLDE flux [μA]
[no. pulses/hour]
3.0
2126
2.45
1722
6.2
2160
1.9
1350
72 bunch train for LHC at PS exit [´1011 ppb] 2
1.3 (2*)

17. ●FT + CNGS share SPS cycles
Fixed target  CNGS
Benedikt
Garoby
●FT + CNGS share SPS cycles
CNGS request
pot/year
FT request
spills/year
Without changes
Double batch + Linac4 J J
Double batch
●impossible to meet FT + CNGS demands

18. ●FT + CNGS share SPS cycles
Fixed target  CNGS
Benedikt
Garoby
●FT + CNGS share SPS cycles
FT + CNGS
LHC + CNGS
●impossible to get closer to FT + CNGS demands ?

19. Scope of Future Options
Benedikt
Garoby
interest for
LHC upgrade
Neutrino physics beyond CNGS
Radio-active ion beams (EURISOL)
Others
Low energy
50 Hz RCS
(~ 400 MeV/2.5 GeV)
Valuable
Very interesting for super-beam
+ beta-beam No ?
50 Hz SPL
(~ 2 GeV )
Ideal
Spare flux
Þ possibility to serve more users
High energy
8 Hz RCS
(30-50 GeV)
Very interesting for neutrino factory
New PS
1 TeV LHC
injector
Very interesting for luminosity upgrade.
Essential for LHC energyx2
synergy

20. Strategy (and action) ● start 2004/5: - PS: multi-turn ejection
Benedikt
Garoby
● start 2004/5:
- PS: multi-turn ejection
- increase SPS intensity (impacts all machines)
- 0.9s PSB repetition
● Linac 4 design
 construction end 2006
● prepare decision on optimum future accelerator
- study of a Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL)
- alternative scenarios for the LHC upgrade
context for SPSC strategy and input

21. CERN 2004
Gatignon

22. North 2004
Gatignon
COMPASS

23. East 2004
Gatignon

24. North: Heavy Ions >2005 Gatignon
After the long shut-down ions will be injected into the SPS via LEIR.
The LEIR project has been launched for filling the LHC with ions.
Filling the SPS instead will require more resources.
It should be noted that ion injection via LEIR for fixed target has not yet been studied in depth. More studies are required
at the source, Linac3, LEIR, PS and at the SPS.
If the ions are required for the SPS fixed target program and if the
required resources are made available, one might expect to get:
Lead ions from 2009 (after PS-SPS-LHC ions running-in)
Other (lighter) ions depending on LHC ion physics program.
It should be noted that many relevant non-radioactive ion species
are possible ‘in principle’, but with significant preparation time and effort.
Note that North Area and LHC ions are exclusive if not the same ion
Possible intensities are up to 109 Pb54+ from LEIR per transfer (3.6 sec).
They can be limited in LEIR with an interlock based on a BCT measurement.
Limitation of flux in EHN1 requires new TAX blocks (up to 300 kCHF/beam).

25.  North: µ & Hadrons ● M2 for COMPASS (approved)
Gatignon
● M2 for COMPASS (approved)
- µ ≤ 190 GeV/c
- 2dary hadrons ≤ 280 GeV/c
- e ~ 40 GeV/c
● M2 for COMPASS (future?)
- primary p
- hyperons
● M2 intensity ? 
rebuild  CHF
radlim  CHF

26. ● to separate or not to separate ?
North: Kaons > 2005
Gatignon
● to separate or not to separate ?
- acceptance: unseparated ~ 100 x separated
- 109 Hz
+ K+ : 6.2% p+: 71.1% p : 22.7%
- K- : 6.8% p-: 90.8% p :2.4%
> x 40 K+ /year

27. CERN  LNGS = CNGS
Elsener

28. CERN  LNGS = CNGS
Elsener
● beam in 2006

29. CNGS: making ν ● largest intensity ● Eν for νe  ντ Elsener
700 m m m m
p + C  (interactions)  p+, K+  (decay in flight)  m+ + nm

30. ? CNGS Horizon ● nominal (1999) ● 2nd look (2001) ●R&D underway
- 2.4x1013 p /extraction
- 4.8x1013 p /cycle
- 4.5x1019 p /year
eg 200 days
55% efficiency
LHC MD
LHC fill FT
● 2nd look (2001)
- 3.5x1013 p /extraction
- 7x1013 p /cycle
- 13.8x1019 p /year
target rods ?
windows ?
heating: target, horn ?
shielding ? ?
X3 ?
NB decommissioning cost
>> construction cost
●R&D underway

31. AD
Gatignon

32. ● degrader foils  RFQD for ATRAP + ATHENA ● decelerator ring ELENA
Gatignon
● modified extraction
● degrader foils  RFQD for ATRAP + ATHENA
● decelerator ring ELENA
5.3 MeV  KEp  100 KeV ? -
● injection stacking  intensity x 2 to 5
● PS beam 4  5 bunches  intensity x 1.25

33. ● North Area @ SPS  diverse beams ● East Hall @ PS  DIRAC + … ?
Summary: FT beams
● North SPS  diverse beams
● East PS  DIRAC + … ?
● CNGS ≥ 2006; improving intensity ?
● ions ≥ ~ 2009
● CHF ?  modernisation
● CHF ?  new possibilities/opportunities
(test beams !)
context for SPSC strategy and input
unparalleled
variety

34. Gadzicki, Haungs,
Lourenco, Riunaud,
Satz
3. Heavy Ions

35. The SP[b]S Panorama SPbS Panorama ● expt @ SPbS + theory  QGP e+e-
photons
J/ψ
chemistry
e+e-
HBT
spectra
● SPbS + theory  QGP
B. Mueller

36. Chromodynamic Phase Equilibria
● phase transition T
Early universe
RHIC, LHC B
Hadronic
matter
Critical endpoint
Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP)
Nuclei
Chiral symmetry
broken
restored
Baryon
Dominated HG
Meson
Color
superconductor
Neutron stars
QGP
SPS

37. ● theoretical guidance model dependent
Critical Point
● theoretical guidance model dependent
Stephanov

38. Heavy Ions + NA60 Pixels NA60 - Lourenco
interaction z-vtx from rad hard
pixel telescope ~ 200 µm accuracy
target box windows
7 In targets
z-vertex (cm)
Indium beam
158 A GeV
Beam tracker station
dimuon vertex
hadronic vertex
(mass > 2 GeV)
vertex transverse coords determined with pixel telescope + beam tracker to better than 20 mm accuracy

39. ● excess dileptons – thermal radiation ?
Low mass dileptons
● excess dileptons – thermal radiation ? σ
400 GeV
NA60
CERES/NA45
Mee
Mµµ

40. SPSC ● immediate (SPSC) - NA60 - NA49
p+In data  open charm, ρ mass, thermal radn
Pb+Pb  highest energy SPS
- NA49
jet RHIC
high pT SPS ?
complete Pb+Pb high pT hadron analysis
then  pA reference
then  high pT  Cronin effect
data taking now
declared interest
declared interest

41. - chase and evaluate the critical point @ CERN
SPSC
● longer term (SPSC)
- chase and evaluate the critical CERN
establish optimal theoretical signatures
optimise experiments for signal and sensitivity
- CERN, timely even ≥ 2009, important
- ≥2009 CERN  FT + LHC HI synergy
no overwhelming scientific need
for ion+ion FT < 2009

42. 4. Neutrinos Blondel, Declais, Dydak, Gilardoni, Haseroth, Lindroos,
Mezzeto, Mosca
Nishikawa, Panman,
Romanino, Rubbia
4. Neutrinos

43. Early Solar Neutrino Exps.
ν-oscillations
Wark
SuperK
71±5
Early Solar Neutrino Exps.
Super-K
L/E
SNO
Soudan II
KamLAND
New KamLAND
K2K
MACRO
LSND

44. Eigenstates Romanino uniquely defines the labelling by definition,
can have both signs:
Normal
e.g.:
(hierarchical)
(degenerate)
(neither)
Normal
e.g.:
(inverse hierarchical)
(degenerate) 3 2
normal 1
inverted 2 1 3

45. Hierarchy
Wark
● remarkable progress
~sin2q23
Solar + KamLAND
Super-K

46. Next ? ● CNGS: OPERA ICARUS ● better than hitherto (better than CKM?):
MINOS, KamLAND, Borexino?
T2K νe appearance
nearer, near, and far detectors
β–beam? CERNFrejus?
● θ13 pre-requisite for δ
● sign of Δm232 (or Δm132): crucial for Ών
● CP-violating phase δ

47. Next ?
Mezzetto

48. OPERA ● ready end 2006 56 emulsion films / brick
~2 kTon (Pb)
0.04 kTon emulsion Pb
Emulsion layers n t
1 mm
Plastic base
56 emulsion films / brick
for the full detector:
2 supermodules
31 walls / supermodule
52 x 64 bricks /wall
bricks
9 kt-yr
Δm2=1.2x10-3 eV2 2.7 events
Δm2=2.4x10-3 eV2 11 events
Δm2=5.4x10-3 eV2 54 events

49. ICARUS ●3 kt in LNGS 2005 ? n LAr drift muon spectrometer
≈2 kton Fe B=1.8 T

50. ●”ultimate” vertex resolution: T600 ready … LNGS
ICARUS
●”ultimate” vertex resolution: T600 ready … LNGS 2 6 4 18 12
Wire coord. (m)
Drift
Coord.
(m)
Zoom View
3.9 m
1.3 m
Full 2D view from the Collection Wire Plane
T600 test: Run Evt 7

51. ≡ T2K

52. “T2K” (Tokai-to-Kamioka)
Nishikawa
LOI: hep-ex/
nm beam of ＜1GeV
Kamioka
Super-K: 50 kton
Water Cherenkov
J-PARC
(Tokai-village)
0.75 MW 50 (40) GeV PS
~Mt “Hyper Kamiokande”
4MW 50GeV PS
Approved exp (x102 of K2K)
nm→ nx disappearance
nm→ ne appearance
NC measurement
Collaboration
Formed in May 2003
12 countries, 52 institutions
148 collaborators (w/o students)
Future Extension
CP violation
proton decay

53. Strategy High statistics by high intensity n beam
Nishikawa
High statistics by high intensity n beam
Tune En at oscillation maximum
Sub-GeV n beam
Low particle multiplicity suited for Water Cherenkov
Good En resolution : dominated by nm + n m + p
Narrow band beam to reduce BG
0.75MW 50GeV-PS
Off-Axis n beam
Super-Kamiokande

54. T2K Schedule Possible upgrade in future
Nishikawa
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
K2K
T2K construction
physics run
PS commisionning
SK full rebuild
Possible upgrade in future
4MW Super-J-PARC + Hyper-K ( 1Mt water Cherenkov)
CP violation in lepton sector
Proton Decay

55. PPAP Mar. 25 ’04 Neutrino. …oscillations Dave Wark
Imperial College/RAL
Dave Wark
Slide from M. Lindroos

56. PPAP Megatonne ? Mar. 25 ’04 Neutrino. …oscillations Dave Wark
Imperial College/RAL
Dave Wark
Megatonne ?

57. Towards NF Horizon
● SPL superbeam ?
θ13
CP sensitivity

58. SPL Proposed Roadmap Gilardoni
Consistent with the content of a talk by L. Maiani at the “Celebration of the Discovery of the W and Z bosons”. Contribution to a document to be submitted to the December Council (“CERN Future Projects and Associated R&D”).
Assumptions:
construction of Linac4 in 2007/10 (with complementary resources, before end of LHC payment)
construction of SPL in 2008/15 (after end of LHC payments)
Linac 4 approval
SPL approval
LHC upgrade
R. Garoby
Warning: Compressor ring and detector (8 years) are not quoted Protons from the SPL ready in 2015

59. SPL SuperBeam FAQ Gilardoni Q: Why 2.2 GeV for the proton driver?
A: First design of the SPL which used the LEP cavities.
Q: What about increasing the proton energy ?
A: Possible up to 3.5 GeV- 4 GeV with some caveats. Energy optimization to tune the proton beam energy is in working stage (see next slides).
Q: Is the SPL SuperBeam strongly connected with the Frejus?
A: Yes, due to low energy of proton beam no way to go further than 130 km.
Q: What if instead of a Cherenkov detector one wants to use a Liquid Argon TPC ?
A: Possible if the experts are interested in the location (meaning not going to Japan)

60. SPL SuperBeam FAQ … but not first Gilardoni
Q: Why proposing the SPL Superbeam if JHF will have similar results?
A1: Unique synergy with the Beta Beam
A2: Learned from the Japanese style of working, and also from CERN style, every step carries the know-how for the next step. The next could be a NuFact.
A3: Different condition to repeat the same measurement. In particular different background.
… but not first

61. ● likelihood improves with synergy ● ν beam R&D for new technology
Proton Driver  ν
Mezzetto
● expensive
● likelihood improves with synergy
● ν beam R&D for new technology
- target
- cooling (MICE)
● νe - β beam
νμ - superbeam
● ν Fact

62. ● ν physics has noble history at CERN
SPSC
● ν physics has noble history at CERN
● ν physics is in a new golden era
- CERN beginning again pivotal global role
● CNGS commitment to ~ end of decade vital
important: COMPASS then end 06
- CNGS crucial up to x1019pot/yr)
- CNGS + COMPASS ? multi-turn xtraction
longer running period
- no compelling case for extending CNGS beyond
realisable pot/yr (< ~ 3x 4.5x1019pot/yr)
C2GT

63. SPSC
● Future neutrino facilities offer great promise for fundamental discoveries (such as CP violation) in neutrino physics, and a post-LHC construction window may exist for a facility to be sited at CERN.
● CERN should arrange a budget and personnel to enhance its participation in further developing the physics case and the technologies necessary for the realization of such facilities. This would allow CERN to play a significant role in such projects wherever they are sited.
● A high-power proton driver is a main building block of future projects, and is therefore required.
● A direct superbeam from a 2.2 GeV SPL does not appear to be the most attractive option for a future CERN neutrino experiment as it does not produce a significant advance on T2K.
● We welcome the effort, partly funded by the EU, concerned with the conceptual design of a β-beam. At the same time CERN should support the European neutrino factory initiative in its conceptual design.

64. SPSC
● Detectors – new detector technologies are necessary to take full advantage of the physics capabilities of future neutrino facilities. Examples of needed advances are cheaper, higher efficiency, large-area, light sensors and magnetized detectors capable of distinguishing electrons from positrons. Given its central role as Europe’s particle physics laboratory, CERN should support, participate, and coordinate such technical developments.
● Further hadron production experiments specifically designed to meet the needs of neutrino experiments are essential. There are several existing CERN detectors which could, with some modifications, fulfill this requirement. This would be a scientifically important and cost-effective use of CERN resources.

65. The stuff of Nobel Prizes !
D’Hose, Diehl
Gasser, Gninenko
Magnon, Malvezzi
Nemenov, Paul
Polyakov, Seymour
Vestzergombi,
5. Soft and Hard Protons
pivotal role of CERN
The stuff of Nobel Prizes !

66. ● theoretical symbiosis
Hadron Physics
H1 ZEUS - DESY
● energy frontier
colliders
● precision frontier
colliders + FT
● intensity frontier
● theoretical symbiosis
- lattice
- ChPT
- pQCD
GSI
 BABAR - SLAC
 CDF D0 - FNAL

67. ● precision hadron structure ● precision hadron dynamics
COMPASS
● 1996: proposal
1997: conditional approval
1999 – 2000: construction and installation
2001: commissioning run
: data taking µp and µp
● precision hadron structure
- nucleon spin structure (valence  sea)
● precision hadron dynamics
- pQCD  n-pQCD (Q2 pT2)
- resonant phenomena
● into the future: GPDs and precision st. functions
 
 
approved
gluons

68. ●ΔG/G from high pT hadrons pairs
COMPASS ΔG/G
●finding charm
σ(ΔG/G) proposal = 0.14 c c
σ(ΔG/G) = 0.24
●ΔG/G from high pT hadrons pairs h
Leading process
Gluon radiation (Compton)
Photon Gluon Fusion
(PGF) -

69. ●270 GeV p + vertex detector ●150 days/year 2006-2010
COMPASS Hadron (≥2004)
fast
slow
●PT: Primakoff
●resonance
-diffractive
- Primakoff
- central: glue enriched (WA102 …)
- D* Ds* (FOCUS, BABAR, Belle, CLEO, SELEX)
- Λc* …
- Ξcc localised (cc) excitation against light u/d
●270 GeV p + vertex detector
●150 days/year

70. ●DIS: forward * Compton
COMPASS beyond …
Diehl
●DIS: forward * Compton
- ∫pdf(x,t)●dt
●DVCS: *  Compton
- pdf(x,t)
- p tomography ?
partons across p
relevant at the time?
polarised
d-d
unpolarised -

71. ●ππ and Kπ “atoms” - scattering lengths
DIRAC
●ππ and Kπ “atoms” - scattering lengths
- PT
≠ Ke decay
● excess at very small
pL and pT
“atomic pairs”
● data 2001 – 2003 (PS)
● setting up 2006 (PS)
● running 2007/8 (PS)
● planning > 2008 (SPS ?)
“free pairs”
● experimental = theoretical SPS

72. ● FT hadron program remains very competitive
SPSC
● FT hadron program remains very competitive
● COMPASS complete in medium term
- ΔG/G
- transversity, polarisability, spectroscopy
- SPSC p.o.t. concern  prioritise
● COMPASS longer term
- GPD measurements would be unique
● DIRAC physics important  SPS (accuracy)
● hadron resonances (pQ) in existing NA49
not compelling

73. ● FT > 2006 encourage multi-turn Xtraction ● FT >> 2006
SPSC
● FT 2006: optimise running
- start early  data for COMPASS
optimise data-taking efficiency
- run til CNGS ready
● FT > 2006 encourage multi-turn Xtraction
● FT >> 2006
- intense CERN  new lepton-hadron DIS

74. 6. Antiproton Physics Beloshitzky Gabrielse, Hangst Hayano, Jungmann
Kostelecky, Quint
Regenfus, Testera
Widmann, Yamazaki
6. Antiproton Physics

75. - - - - Unique Physics at CERN ● ASACUSA ATRAP ATHENA
- “routine” production of H
- antiprotonic He = p e - 
● deceleration and capture of p
● production of H and He
- yield !
● spectroscopy; ideally 1s 2s
- presently quantum state: n~30 ! - - - -
CPT matter-antimatter

76. Unique Ac Decelerator
Gatignon

77. ATRAP ● trap and detectors Gabrielse Small View fibers 77 K positron
source
positron traps
5.3 Tesla
magnetic
field
rotating electrode
antiprotons
4.2 K
antiproton traps
BGO
77 K
Harvard: Trap, vacuum, rf electronics, …
Juelich: Scintillation detectors

78. - - ATHENA ● annihilation of e+ and p - detects H insensitive
to H velocity
and state -

79. ASACUSA
Hayano
Balmer lines
+ Qp/Mp

80. Cooling before Capture
Hayano
+ R&D developments

81. Precision Spectroscopy
Hayano
● antiprotonic spectroscopy
- large n

82. ● new experimemts AEGIS ALPHA coming
Improvements: ATRAP
Gabrielse
Status: 4.2 K antiprotons are routinely accumulated
cooling thru matter
Improvements?
Needed: much lower temperatures
Desired: more antiprotons to speed data accumulation
Desired: more antiprotons to improve spectroscopy
signal-to-noise
Decelerator? RFQD? ELENA?
would give the much larger antiproton rate desired
small ring would fit in AD hall
new beam lines would be needed
magnetic fields from experimental apparatus
substantial cost
● new experimemts AEGIS ALPHA coming

83. ELENA
Beloshitsky
● A small machine for deceleration and cooling of antiprotons after AD to lower energies around 100 keV is feasible.
● One to two orders of magnitude more antiprotons can be available for physics.
● Main challenges for the low energy decelerator like ultra low vacuum, beam diagnostics and effective electron cooling can be solved, using experience of AD and member-state laboratories where similar low energy ion machines are operational (ASTRID, Aarhus; CRYring, Stockholm).
● The machine can be located inside of the AD Hall with only minor modifications and reshuffling of the present installation.
● Machine assembling and commissioning can be done without disturbing current AD operation.

84. - SPSC ● unique and leading p physics at CERN is foreseeable
● strong encouragement to continue > 2005
● improvements in beam switching highly desirable
● variety of different measureds for CPT desirable
● continue to explore improved trapping techniques
- ELENA desirable
- ELENA improvement on RFQD …… ?
● synergy between experiments always desirable
● roadmap should be updated and available

85. 7. Flavour Physics Ceccucci, Isidori Inagaki, Littenberg
Lourenco, Nakada
Sozzi, Tschirhart
7. Flavour Physics

86. ●experimental challenge BR~ 10-10 to 10-11
Flavour Physics
Isidori
Mangano
●precision measurements of rare flavour decays probe the energy scale, and then flavour structure, of new physics
- no SM tree
- SM suppression
- short distance dynamics
FCNC
●experimental challenge BR~ to 10-11
 10% crucial for
new LHC physics

87. The Challenge
Isidori
theory uncertainty

88. Landscape
Mangano

89. “NA48/3” NA48/3  COMPASS p  ion ~80 K+  πνν ● 2004
launch GIGATRACKER R&D
vacuum tests
evaluate straw tracker
start realistic cost estimation
complete analysis of beam-test data
● 2005
complete of the above
complete specifications
submit proposal to SPSC ●
construction, installation and beam-tests ●
data taking
NA48/3  COMPASS
p  ion
~80 K+  πνν

90. high-intensity beam for K+→p+nn experiment
Present K12
(NA48/2)
New HI K+
> 2006
Factor gain
wrt 2004
SPS protons per pulse
1 x 1012
3 x 1012
3.0
Duty cycle (s./s.)
4.8 / 16.8
1.0
Beam acceptance H,V (mrad)
 0.36
2.4, 2.0
Solid angle (msterad)
 0.40
 16 40
Av. K+momentum <pK> (GeV/c) 60 75
K+ :
p+ :
Total : 1.35
Momentum band DpK (GeV/c)
Eff.: (Dp/p in %)
RMS: (Dp/p in %)
57 – 63 = 6 5
 4
=2.25
1.5
 0.95
0.375
0.3
0.25
Beam size (cm)
Area at KABES (cm2)
 7.0
2.5
 20
 2.8
Divergence: RMS (mrad)
 0.05
 0.1
 2
PRELIMINARY, WORK IN PROGRESS

91. ● new rare decay frontier in K physics at CERN
SPSC
● new rare decay frontier in K physics at CERN
● new experiments planned for Kπνν important
● support R&D now for K+π +νν results ≤ 2010
- no competition … yet!
● longer term opportunity for K0π 0νν
- direct competition (decay at rest)
● synergy with energy LHC CERN
- B-physics
- LF violation
● rare charm decay:
feasibility of operating experiment (NA60) ?

92. Holzscheiter,Incagli
Uggerhodj, Zioutas
8. Other Projects

93. present CERN resource level appropriate
Miscellaneous
● CAST: astroparticle searches (from axions)
best limits in window on axion mass
● AD4 p therapy
dosimetry and monitoring improving
● EM physics in crystals
trident production in critical field
●(g-2)μ : new experiment appropriate
CERN pioneering pedigree
European collaborators ?
high intensity μ and ν evaluation -
present CERN resource level appropriate

94. ● fixed target physics at CERN
9. Summary
● fixed target physics at CERN
- ≤ 2011: physics vibrant, important, leading
SPS p.o.t ? schedule/prioritise/improve
completion of hadron program essential
CNGS window before T2K
hadron production for ν physics
ion+ion ≥ 2009 (synergy with LHC)
rare flavour ≥ 2009 (synergy with LHC)
fundamental physics with p atoms (+medical) -
increasing p.o.t

95. ● fixed target physics at CERN
Summary
● fixed target physics at CERN
- > 2011: physics must be vibrant, important, leading
ion+ion ≥ 2009 (synergy with LHC)
rare flavour ≥ 2009 (synergy with LHC)
fundamental physics with p atoms
hadron structure: GPDs
dynamics: low energy, resonance
ν physics: evaluation & CERN
p-driver  superbeam  detector
global context  NF -
… if appropriate ?
synergies
with other
science?
SPL?
All but HI benefit from/require high intensity
RCPSB RCPS …

96. to all who contributed to
Thanks
to all who contributed to
our deliberations
“Always looking to the future, we pick up bad habits of anticipation.” Philip Larkin