1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN WRITERS
In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversar of the Ethiopian Writers Association
2-4 May 2011, AddisAbaba
ISLAMIZATION & ARABIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF BORDERLAND COUNTRIES (BELT OF BILAD AL SOUDAN)
Dr. M. J. Hashim

2. ISLAMIZATION & ARABIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF BORDERLAND COUNTRIES (BELT OF BILAD AL SOUDAN)”
Dr. M. Jalal Hashim

3. Islamization & Arabization
neither Islam nor Arabs are meant
an ideological awareness if tested by both Islam & Pan Arabism may fail
It depicts situations where black Africans kill black African believing they are Arabs (Hashim, Forthcoming)

4. Pan Africanism (1900): from African Diaspora to Continentalism (1945)
African Diaspora and the Motherland
The 1st 1900 London Pan African Congress: the Black Races
The 5th (eroneously) 1945 Manchester Pan African Congress: African Nations ; the Role of Nkruma
(Adi & Sherwood, 2003; Alli, 1999; Esedebe, 1994)

5. Pan Africanism: Back to African Nation & the Emergence of Borderland Belt
Sub-Saharan Pan Africanism + Diaspora
The African Nation (Prah, 2006a)

6. The Buffer Zone of Identity
Arabized Nomads Encroachment in Sudanic Belt (Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali etc)
Identification with Arabs & deploring Africans (Prah, 2006b; 2005)
The Sudanic Belt Nomadic Pan Arab nationalism: in the making
Darfur Scenario: exterminating Africans (Hashim, 2005)

7. Pan African Challenge of Borderland
The Split of Identity: Africanism vs. Arabism
Pan Africanism and the Challenge of Nation Building
Transforming Mode of Economical Activity: Pastoralist vs.Sedentary

8. If Mission not accomplished?
The Desintegration of the State
Totalitarian Democracy
State Corruption in the Name of Allah
Demographic Re-engineering of Marginalized Areas out of Control
PROSPECTS OF Full-fledged Civil Wars?
Collapse of State? More Guerrella Organizations

9. The Case of the Sudan

10. The Geopolitical Significance of the Sudan
A Model for the belt of Bilad al-Sudan, i.e. Countries bordering Arabia from one side and Africa from the other
What takes place here is likely to occur elsewhere

11. Regional Pan Africanism: drawing Strength from Within: the Case of the Horn of Africa
Regional Pan Africanism: drawing strength from within: the Case of Horn of Africa
Raising Pan African Awareness
Ethnicity Management & Conflicts Resolution
Integrative Unity of Development & Education
Democratization & Human Rights
Developmental economical Interdependencies
Raising and enhancing Pan African Awareness
Integrative Unity
Democratization & Human Rights
Developing economical Interdependencies

12. Over-bridging Regional disunity
Under regional unity:
* Ethiopia & Eritrea can reunite
* North & South Sudan can reunite
* Somalia can be reunite

13. Regional Integration Politically: Nile Basin Initiative
Sudan detaching from Egypt, integrating with Ethiopia
Regional Conflict Resolution Mechanism

14. Labour, Commerce & Environment
Integral Commerce: easy cross border commodities
Environment & Food Security: Famine, Drought, & integral food production
Free Labour move

15. Pan African Unity: widening regional unity
A step toward Sub-Saharan African Unity

16. Toward bigger regional Unity

17. Sub-Saharan Pan African Unity

18. Conclusion Africa is United!
But where is the place of African Diaspora?
The answer: Afro-Pacific-Caribbean Integration
Institutionalized Come-Back Welcome
Multi Pan African Citizenship

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alli, W.O Africa & the African Diaspora: Aspects of an Experience.
Esedebe, P. Olisanwuche Pan-Africanism: the Idea and the Movement: Washington: Howard University Press.
Hakim Adi, Marika Sherwood Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa & the Diaspora since New York: Routledge.

20. Hashim, M.J Islamization and Arabization of Africans as a Means to Political Power in the Sudan: Contradictions of Discrimination based on the Blackness of Skin and Stigma of Slavery and their Contribution to the Civil Wars. In: Bankie, F.B. & Mchombu, K. Pan-Africanism: African Nationalism: strengthening the Unity of Africa and its Diaspora. Asmara: the Red Sea Press, Inc
Hashim, M.J The dams of Northern Sudan and the policy of demographic engineering. In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies- Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, Volume 5 Issue 1, Online:

21. Hashim, M. J. Forthcoming. To be or not to be: Sudan at Crossroads
Hashim, M.J. Forthcoming. To be or not to be: Sudan at Crossroads. Red Sea Publishing House.
Prah, Kwesi K. 2006a. The African Nation: The State of the Nation. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS).
Prah, Kwesi K (ed). 2006b. Racism in the Global African Experience. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS).
Prah, Kwesi K (ed). 2006b. Reflections on the Arab-led Slavery of Africans. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS).