Introduction to Exodus

Introduction to Exodus
19 August 2012

What is Exodus? Meanings: “departure” “out-going” From what? Egypt
Slavery

Who wrote Exodus? Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible
These have different names: The Torah The Five Books of Moses The Pentateuch (Greek for "five containers," which refers to the scroll cases in which books were being kept.)

The Pentateuch Genesis – traditions of the origins of mankind and the Hebrew race Exodus – history of Israel’s deliverance from Egyptian bondage and their establishment as a nation at Mt. Sinai (when the Law was given) Leviticus – more laws to govern the nation

The Pentateuch Numbers – 1st census and genealogy of Israel – 12 spies sent out scout the land – unbelief at Kadesh Barnea that caused 40 years of wandering – Balaam will not curse Israel – Israel curses itself thru idolatry – 2nd census Deuteronomy – a series of sermons by Moses shortly before he died and before Israel went into Canaan to take the land

When did Moses write the Pentateuch?
During Israel’s 40 years of wandering in the desert Probably toward the end of his life

Pentateuch Time Period
About 2400 years From creation (about 3975 B.C., according to the genealogies given.) Until the time of Moses’ death

When was the Exodus? The further back in time, the less certain we can be of the dates of events. Thus, the safest way to date the Exodus is to go backward from more certain dates to less certain dates. The best reference date is the beginning of the construction of Solomon’s temple

When was the Exodus? And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which [is] the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. – 1Kings 6:1

When was the Exodus? If the construction of Solomon’s temple began in around 1000 BC (rough estimate), then the Exodus was around 1500 BC ( , rounded up) This was about 3500 years ago Note: Some people say that Planet X, a.k.a. Nibiru or Gabriel’s Fist, also last passed near the earth around this time and is due to come again soon.

Genesis Outline Gen. 1:1 - 11:9 Beginning of the human race
About 3975 – 1967 B.C. About years Gen. 11: :26 Beginning of the Hebrew race About 1967 – 1606 B.C. About 360 years

Exodus Outline Ex. 1 - Growth and slavery of God’s people
Ex Preparation of God’s deliverer, Moses Ex plagues, 1st Passover & the exodus Ex Journey from Egypt to Mt. Sinai Ex Mosaic Law given to a new nation Ex Impatience and idolatry (golden calf) Ex Regiving of the Law on Mt. Sinai Ex Construction of the tabernacle & Making of ritual objects

Clarification on “430 Years”
Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Eqypt was 430 years. – Ex. 12:40 NIV (based on Masoretic Hebrew text) Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, [was] four hundred and thirty years. – Ex. 12:40 KJV (based on Masoretic Hebrew text)

And the sojourning of the children of Israel, while they sojourned in the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan, was four hundred and thirty years. – Ex. 12:40 Brenton (based on Septuagint Greek text)

And this I say, [that] the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect. – Gal 3:17 KJV

What we learn from Paul in Galatians 3:17 The 430 years was the time span between two important covenants: God’s covenant with Abraham and they which are of faith (a promise of righteousness) God’s covenant with Israel (Mosaic Law for regulating the nation until Christ fulfilled it)

What we learn from Paul in Galatians 3:17 The 430 years included the time in both Canaan and in Egypt. When in doubt about the Old Testament, see what the New Testament says. For serious Bible study, do not rely on the NIV translation. It is an ecumenical work that has completely removed 17 verses and 64,576 words. For more info, see

Who was with Jacob? (Gen. 46:8-27)
12 sons 1 daughter 55 grandsons 1 granddaughter 3 of Jacob’s wives Jacob’s sons’ wives Jacob’s grandsons’ wives Perhaps some slaves Total 70 persons, including Jacob, but not including all the wives and slaves, who were either Canaanite or Egyptian

Who was with Moses? (Num. 1:1-46)
603,550 men 20 years old and above who were able to go to war from 11 tribes An unknown number of Levites An unknown number of women & children An unknown number of old men An unknown number of slaves An unknown number of Egyptian converts Total = 2 million to 6 million

Exodus Outline Ex. 1 Growth and slavery of God’s people, Israel From about 1606 (death of Joseph) To 1542 B.C. About 64 years (2 generations) Ex. 2-4 Preparation of God’s deliverer, Moses About 1542 – 1462 B.C About 80 years (2 generations)

Exodus Outline Ex. 5-12 10 plagues, 1st Passover and the exodus About 1462 B.C. Ex Journey from Egypt to Mt. Sinai A 3 month journey – in 1462 B.C.

Exodus Outline Ex. 19-31 Ex. 32 The Mosaic Law given on Mt. Sinai
The beginning a new nation, Israel Ex. 32 Impatience and idolatry (golden calf) God decided to kill all of Israel Moses asks God to change His mind Levites kill all the idolaters

Exodus Outline Ex. 33-34 Ex. 35-40 Regiving of the Law on Mt. Sinai
Moses instructs Israel Tabernacle constructed Priestly robes and other ritual objects made

Bible Lands Overview Bible Lands Overview This slide shows the major areas of the earth covered by the Bible text.

Bible Lands Overview This slide shows the major areas of the earth covered by the Bible text.

Joseph’s Journey to Egypt
Nile Nile Delta Mediterranean Sea Sinai Canaan © EBibleTeacher.com Joseph’s Journey to Egypt Joseph sold to caravan Potiphar & Pharaoh Joseph’s Journey to Egypt JOSEPH Jacob had twelve sons. These sons were named: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin. DISCUSSION QUESTION: How were the names of these twelve men related to the twelve tribes of Israel and how were they not? Ten of the names of the men are the same names of ten of the tribes of Israel. Joseph, had two of the tribes named after his sons, Mannasah and Ephraim. Levi did was the tribe for the priests and although this tribe would later be given cities in the conquering of Canaan, they did not have a regional land to call their own. Thus, Joseph and Levi did not have tribal regions named after them. At this time, it was acceptable for men to have several wives at once. Joseph was born to Jacob’s favorite wife, Rachel in Jacob’s old age and Joseph became Jacob’s favorite son. Jacob gave Joseph a coat of many colors (Genesis 37:3). We don’t think too much of such clothes in modern times but in a time that all cloth and dyes were made laboriously by hand such a gift would have been worth a lot of money. God gave Joseph a dream which prophesied that his brothers would serve him. Joseph’s brothers were furious with jealousy and plotted to kill him. His older brother, Reuben intervened and instead they threw him in a deep cistern where he was trapped. Later, when a Ismaelite caravan happened by they saw an opportunity for money and sold him to the Ismaelites (Midianites) as a slave (Genesis 37:27-28). DISCUSSION QUESTION: Jacob deceived his brother Esau. Later, how was Jacob deceived by his sons? The brothers took Joseph’s precious coat and stained it with the blood of a goat and took it to his father, Jacob as evidence of the death of Joseph by some wild beast. Jacob, who had deceived his brother Esau for the birthright was now being deceived by his sons. Joseph was taken as a slave to Potiphar, in Egypt who was one of Pharaohs officials over the guard. In this position, Joseph was recognized for his leadership abilities and directed the work of Potiphar’s other servants (Genesis 39:4-6). Joseph was handsome and when he refused the advances of Potiphar’s wife she falsely accused him of attempted rape. Potiphar had him thrown into prison where Joseph’s intelligence and skill again advanced him to head the prison’s workers (Genesis 39:20-23). Finally, Joseph met some of Pharaoh’s servants who had been thrown into prison. Joseph correctly interpreted a prophetic vision of the servants. One of the servants was released from prison to work again for Pharaoh. When Pharaoh had a dream that his wise men couldn’t interpret, the servant remembered Joseph. When Joseph interpreted Pharaoh’s dream as being a prophecy from God about a coming famine, Pharaoh had Joseph appointed to be in charge of the work of the kingdom including the preparations for the 7 year famine (Genesis 41:39-42). Joseph’s family back in Canaan were affected by the famine and came to Egypt for food. They didn’t recognize Joseph and bowed down to him as he had earlier prophesied. Finally, Joseph had them along with his elderly father come to live with him in Egypt in the fertile land of Goshen (Genesis 45). The Egyptians held herders in low esteem and gave them this fertile pasture land (Genesis 46:34). Joseph had two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Over the years the number of descendants of these twelve sons became extremely numerous until the point that the Egyptians became concerned that this group of people had too much potential power and made them their slaves (Exodus 1:6-11) . DISCUSSION QUESTION: How did Joseph’s experiences prepare him to be a leader in Egypt? Joseph started as a hard working herdsman. Later, he got experience in management as the director of Potiphar’s servants and then again in the Prison as he managed the work being done there. Despite his difficulties, Joseph never quit having faith in God and made the best of his situations. God’s gift of miraculous insight to Joseph put him in a position to become the second in command to Pharaoh.

Joseph’s Family to Goshen
Joseph’s Family’s Journey to Goshen Due to the Famine Fertile Nile Delta Egypt Canaan Joseph’s Family to Goshen DISCUSSION QUESTION: How did Joseph’s family end up living in Egypt? Joseph was released from prison and put in the service of the Pharaoh as second in command of Egypt because he correctly interpreted the Pharaoh’s dream that a great famine was coming. He predicted 7 years of good harvest followed by 7 years of famine. Joseph recommended that Egypt make great stores of food to prepare for the famine. This famine not only affected Egypt but also Israel. Joseph’s father, Jacob, sent his sons to Egypt to get food during the famine. At first Joseph did not reveal who he was to his brothers but finally revealed himself and Jacob and Joseph’s brothers were invited to come and live in Egypt. The Hebrew people (Israelites) were the descendants of this group. The photo of Joseph’s family journey into Egypt shows the fertile Nile delta as the Nile empties into the Mediterranean Sea. During the famine, this became the home of the Israelites. DISCUSSION QUESTION: How was it that the Hebrew people became slaves in Egypt? Years after moving to Egypt, the descendants of Joseph’s family became quite numerous. The Egyptians had a distaste for sheepherders and the Hebrews and Egyptians generally did not intermarry. A new Pharaoh who did not know Joseph became concerned that the Hebrew people might rebel against Egypt and put them into slavery. It was into this setting that Moses was born. DISCUSSION QUESTION: What lessons from the story of Joseph should we learn to apply to our lives today? We learn from the story of Joseph how that a faithful person can be ill treated. We learn a great deal about patience from Joseph. Joseph lived for years as a slave and in prison before God’s final will for his life was made known. Joseph saw no immediate reward for resisting the advances of Potiphar’s wife. He also saw no immediate reward for properly interpreting the dreams of Pharaoh's baker and butler. Despite this fact, Joseph remained faithful and as a result not only he but ultimately his whole family was blessed.

Route of the Exodus Route of Exodus 1 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Route of the Exodus Route of Exodus 2 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

13km Underwater land bridge
Route of Exodus 3 13km Underwater land bridge The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Approach through valley
Approach through valley to the sea Egyptian Chariot Wheel Approach through valley The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Why Israel felt trapped by the sea
Egyptian Chariot Wheel Trapped The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Gulf of Aqaba Has a steep 45 degree slope to the bottom.
About 1,500 meters deep for most of its length Has a steep 45 degree slope to the bottom. Gulf of Aqaba The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

13km underwater land bridge
About 900 meters wide by 13 km long 300 meters deep at the deepest point Has a gentle slope of about 6 degrees to bottom Underwater bridge 1 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

13km underwater land bridge
Underwater bridge 2 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

How did the waters stay back?
When Moses raised his rod over the sea and God caused a strong east wind to blow, perhaps what happened was that the water quickly froze into a thick mass of ice on either side of what became a channel or trough over this 13 km land bridge. Egyptian Chariot Wheel Water stayed back The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Diving in search of chariot remains
The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Found under water on the land bridge
Chariot Wheel 1 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Egyptian chariot wheels with axle
The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Chariot Wheel 3 The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Chariot from King Tut’s Tomb
King Tut chariot The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Mount Sinai Mount Sinai The slide shows the traditional route of the Exodus. Some say that this route went through the land of Midian that Moses had become familiar with when he fled to the land of Midian to avoid the prosecution for killing the Egyptian. The more popular route to Canaan was the northern route along the Mediterranean. That route had a variety of Egyptian military posts which would likely have resulted in many conflicts with the remaining Egyptian army units that had been detailed to these outposts.

Exodus Themes Redemption Deliverance Birth of Israel as and nation
Falsehood of idolatry Conditional Mosaic covenant

Redemption and Deliverance
Therefore tell the children of Israel, ‘I am Yahweh, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments. - Ex. 6:6

Redemption and Deliverance
Redemption – accomplished through the blood of the passover lamb Deliverance – accomplished through the power of God

Birth of Israel as a nation
Formalized at Mount Sinai when the Law given Every nations needs a law to govern its people Israel is the only nation in the history of the world to receive its law directly from God Most countries today base their laws on the Mosiac civil law

Falsehood of Idolatry Most of the 10 plagues made one or more Egyptian gods lose face This helped both Israelites and Egyptians see that Jehovah was the one true God Even some Egyptians believed in Jehovah Golden calf incident in Ex. 32

Plagues attack on gods Plague Egyptian god attacked
Nile turned Khnum: guardian of the Nile to blood Hapi: spirit of the Nile Frogs Heqt: frog god Plague on cattle Hathor: cow god Apis: bull of god Ptah Mnevis: sacred bull

Hail Nut: sky goddess Isis: goddess of life Seth: protector of crops Locusts Isis: goddess of life Seth: protector of crops

Darkness Re, Aten, Atum, Horus (all sun gods of sorts) Death of firstborn The deity of Pharaoh Osiris: the giver of life

Golden calf incident of Ex. 32
Good example of God being a jealous God Impatience and idolatry of some people God decided to kill all of Israel Moses asked God to change His mind Levites killed all the idolaters

Christ in Exodus Giving of law Giving of Holy Spirit

O.T. & N.T. Contrasted O.T saints were saved by faith in Him who was to come in the future. N.T. saints are saved by faith in Him who has come already. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise Gal. 3:29 NKJV

O.T. & N.T. Contrasted The O.T. teaches us about God by showing us how He worked in and through the lives of individuals and nations, and what He expected of His people then. The N.T. tells us about God and what He wants of Christians today.

O.T. & N.T. Compared Both promise blessings for obedience
Both promise curses for disobedience

Blessings and curses “See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse - the blessing if you obey the commands of the LORD your God … the curse if you disobey.” - Deut. 11:26-28 NIV

Blessings and curses “Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock.” - Mt. 7:24,25 NIV

Blessings and curses “But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash.” - Mt. 7:26,27 NIV

Eternal importance of obeying God’s commands
Now all has been heard; here is the conclusion of the matter: Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will bring every deed into judgment, including every hidden thing, whether it is good or evil. -Ecclesiastes 12:13,14 NIV

What commands to obey O.T. saints: O.T. commands
Timeless moral commands Commands given through special revelation

O.T. commands “For most certainly, I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke shall in any way pass away from the law, until all things are accomplished.” - Mt. 5:18 This means that 100% of the O.T. law was expected to be obeyed until Jesus accomplished His work on the cross.

What commands to obey N.T. saints: N.T. commands
Timeless moral commands (mentioned in both the O.T. & N.T) Other revealed commands (unique to the N.T., but given by Jesus and the apostles) Exclude obsolete O.T. commands (those not repeated in the N.T., like circumcision, animal sacrifices, visiting Jerusalem three times each year, not working on Saturdays, etc.)

Obsolete O.T. commands When there is a change of the priesthood, there must also be a change of the law Heb. 7:12 NIV In that He says, “A new covenant, ” He has made the first obsolete. Now what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away. - Hebrews 8:13 NKJV

Benefit of the O.T. today These things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, ... So, if you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don't fall! Cor. 10:11,12 NIV

Be careful you don’t fall
Therefore consider the goodness and severity of God: on those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in His goodness. Otherwise you also will be cut off Rom. 11:22 NKJV

Introduction to Exodus

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