1. SHOP SAFETY

2. The OSHA website is www.osha.gov.
OSHA Regulations for the Auto Service Industry
In 1971 the government formed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to help and force employers AND employees to prevent "on the job" injuries and work-related illnesses.
The OSHA website is

3. Topics Eye Injuries Hand Injuries Fires Slips and Falls Back Injuries
Lifts and Jacks
Power Tools
Respirators and Air Quality
Welding Equipment
Auto Accidents
Blood Borne Pathogens
Workplace Anger
Hazardous Chemicals

4. Eye Injuries

5. Eye Injuries The Most Common Injury In an Auto Repair Facility
©2005 Porter and Chester Institute / Connecticut School of Electronics

6. 5 ways that an automotive repair worker can get an eye injury

7. 1 - Falling Debris
When a car is on a lift or a person slides under a car to work, they are looking up at the car.
Once debris is in the eye, the technician tries to wash it out with an eye wash machine or floods the eye with water at a sink, but the tiny piece may have cut the eye slightly or remains stuck in the eye, so it's off to the emergency room.

8. 2 - Flying Debris
A technician using a bench grinder, a high speed drill, rotary tool, or wire brush can have a piece of debris fly or ricochet into the eye.
Usually it's not a bad injury and it could have been prevented 99% of the time by wearing safety glasses, but it's off to the hospital again if proper eye protection is not used.

9. 3 - During Engine Inspection
You lean over an operating motor to check something and the air being pulled through the radiator loosens a tiny particle in the engine compartment or a tiny piece of fan belt chooses exactly that moment to dislodge.
Your eye seems to be a magnet for debris, and you are on your way again to the emergency room.

10. 4 - Battery Explosion
Hydrogen gases build up in the common car battery and old batteries can get cracks in the case or around the posts.
When you use jumper cables on a car battery, sparks can fly at the post. Any amount of hydrogen escaping will ignite immediately.
The tops of many batteries have blown upward right into the face of a technician.
Always use glasses when you are leaning over the battery. Battery acid can be very damaging to your eyes

11. 5 - Electric Welding Arc
The light generated during the arc welding process is made up of mostly Ultra-violet light energy.
Even very short exposure to this light can result in serious eye injury.
These injuries are few and far between, but no one should look at a welder arc without eye protection.
This is like looking into the sun.

12. Safety Glasses
Have a set of approved protective eyewear that is specifically yours...don't share with someone else!
Make sure the eyewear is correct for the type of work you are doing and fits you
Keep the eyewear nearby at all times
Notify your supervisor if you lose or break your eyewear. Get a new pair immediately...and don't work in the meantime without them!
Most important - Wear your eye protection! It doesn't do any good if it is sitting in your toolbox or on a workbench.

13. $4,000 per Injury
A smart employee wears eye protection whether the manager says so or not, because the average eye injury costs nearly $4,000 including time off and medical bills.
Although most treatments at the emergency room allow the employee to return to work the same day, remember that there are severe injuries that do end in blindness.

14. Hand Injuries

15. Hand Injuries
Hand injuries are the second most frequent injury in the automotive repair industry, and account for the largest number of lost days by the industry. Twenty percent (20%) of the lost day injuries are related to fingers, hands, and wrists.

16. Types of Hand injuries Broken hands from slipping wrenches
Cuts from sharp sheet metal, cotter pins, etc.
Pinches from pliers, metal parts fitting together
Doors and hoods being slammed
Burns from hot motors and exhausts

17. Gloves
Hand injury is preventable most of the time by using "Personal Protective Equipment." In this case, it's a fancy way to say "gloves".
The government has found that many injuries would never happen if a person put on equipment proven to protect them.
By wearing the correct protective equipment, cuts, scrapes, and burns can all be avoided.

18. Hand Related Injuries Cuts Lacerations Abrasions Punctures
Chemical burns
Thermal burns

19. Common tasks that expose hands to injury
Handling sheet metal (old and new)
Glass handling
Grinding with power tools
Working with screwdrivers, punches, ice picks or cotter key pullers
Dislodging frozen nuts and bolts
Welding
Working on hot engines or exhausts

20. Long-Term Problems
Long-term problems can be worse than the instant pain of a cut that sends you to the emergency room for stitches.
Putting your hands into chemicals that can be absorbed through your skin is a hazard you can't see as it happens.

21. Skin Absorption
Every day you work around chemicals that can come in contact with your hands (skin, eyes, clothes, etc).
Some of these chemicals are KNOWN to cause illnesses in some people after certain amounts of exposure.

22. Nitrile Gloves
There are gloves such as the new nitrile gloves much like those that medical surgeons wear that offer excellent protection.
Wear the right type of protective gloves and the chemicals won't come in contact with your hands!

23. Skin Exposure
Your hands are the primary body parts that come into contact with chemicals, but not the only place.
If the warning labels on MSDS (more on this later) information says the chemical is hazardous, then don't let it come in contact with your skin OR your clothes.
If it does, change uniforms and wash it off.

24. Risks and the gloves to protect against them
Common Risk Area
Risk Type
Type of Glove
Hot metal, engine, exhaust
Immediate Injury
Leather/Heavy Cotton
Sharp Metal, Sheet metal
Glass Handling
Leather/Heavy Cotton Adhesive "sticky" bullets
Welding
Leather/Cotton Flame Resistant
New Oil or Antifreeze
Varies
None or Nitrile/Latex
Used Oil or Antifreeze
Long term
Nitrile or Latex
Degreasing Solvents
Nitrile
Thinners/Paint Solvents
Blood

25. Fires

26. Fire Hazards Degreasing and cleaning solvents
Stored paints and solvents
Sprayed paints
Glue
Oxygen/Acetylene
Gasoline in "caddy"
Gasoline in the cars
Oil
Gasoline in on-sight storage tanks

27. MSDS
Containers and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be marked and clearly identify the risk and flammability of any material on the premises.

28. Minute by Minute
Fires can get out of control quickly and do a tremendous amount of damage to property and lives.
Fire prevention is not reserved for a monthly or weekly meeting.
Fire prevention is a minute to minute awareness by everyone that works in the shop.

29. Fire Extinguisher Rating
An automotive repair shop should have fire extinguishers that are rated to cover the following three (3) fire ratings:
Class A - Water Extinguisher
Class B - CO2 Extinguisher
Class C- Dry Chemical Extinguisher

30. Fire Extinguisher usage
Class A - Wood and paper
Class B - Flammable fluids
Class C - Electrical
There are single extinguishers available that are rated for all three classes. It's best to have this type of extinguisher at each location.

31. Fire extinguishers should be:
Close by...no more than 50 feet away
Easy to get to and in every work area (no doors or walls between)
Inspected monthly
The gauge should read full or be "in the green"
The safety pin should be in place
The seal should not be broken

32. Fire extinguishers should be: [cont.]
Mounted with easy to read and approved "Fire Extinguisher" signage
Mounted in proper manner and within reach
Quick release
Between 36 inches and 60 inches off the floor
Never left loose on a bench or on the floor

33. Using a Fire Extinguisher
Pull the pin
Stand about eight feet from the fire
Aim the hose at the base of the fire
Squeeze the trigger and spray back and forth
A fire extinguisher generally only lasts 3 to 20 seconds, so you have to make sure you aim properly.

34. Good Habits
Help management know if a fire extinguisher is out of date or has low pressure.
Make it a habit to reach over when you walk by and check the tag and gauge.

35. Check the Gauge

36. In Case of Fire
In case of a fire, there is a logical sequence to follow.
Many people become rattled though and comment later, "It happened so fast."
The number one thing to remember about a fire is:
Stay Calm and Tell People When There Is A Fire!!!

37. In Case of Fire
Always yell, "FIRE," and make sure that others in the area hear you before you run for the fire extinguisher.
If the fire extinguisher handles the problem, great; but if it doesn't, then... everyone should leave the area safely... and someone can...call the fire department !!!!

38. Keep Aisles and Exits Unobstructed
It is also important to keep aisles and exits free of obstructions.
If a fire does occur, you must be able to get to the marked exits quickly, without falling over boxes and machinery.

39. Assembly Area
You should have an agreed upon assembly area if a major fire breaks out where you can quickly identify if anyone is missing or possibly trapped in the building.
The first thing the fire department will ask is: 'Is everyone accounted for.' Be prepared to give them precise information. The building can be replaced, people cannot.

40. Slips and Falls

41. Slips and Falls
Four areas where people can fall and hurt themselves are:
Slick floors
Cluttered floors
Stairs
Ladders

42. Slick Floors
Keep the floor from getting slick. Anytime oil or fluids are spilled on the floor, immediately clean them up, using the right drying method
Keep clutter out of the way. Hoses, floor jacks, parts, boxes and tools, should have a place to be stored when they aren't being used
Mark a slippery area with an easy to use tent sign that says "Caution Slippery Floor"
Have the proper absorbents in an easy to find place to quickly put on spills

43. Pig Mat
Use Pig Mat to absorb small spills

44. Cluttered Floors
Clutter that ends up in the aisles or in the middle of the floors are accidents waiting to happen.
Leaving a floor jack or a bucket in the aisle, even for "just a second," is an easy way to trip up a co-worker or yourself.

45. What’s wrong with this picture?

46. Stairs
If there are more than a few stairs, they need to have a handrail and you should use it.
If there are not handrails, be careful and point out to the management anything you feel is unsafe.

47. Ladders
The work area for repairing cars might not seem to be a place that ladders are frequently used, but it really is.
Windows are washed
Lights need to be cleaned or changed
Paint booth filters need to be changed
Trucks need service
The tops of vans need to be sanded for refinish
Parts may be stored on high shelves

48. Ladder Safety
Never get on a ladder without checking the weight restrictions.
Some ladders are only rated for up to 250 pounds.
Never stand on the top step of a ladder.
Make sure the ladder's legs are rock solid.
Avoid placing the ladder too far from or too close to the wall itself. It's easy to get hurt on a ladder, so be careful.
If in doubt, get a second opinion and/or have someone "spot" for you and steady the ladder while you use it.

49. Openings
An opening where there is a drop of more than 4 feet requires a guardrail to be installed.
Some shops have different levels.
Parts rooms, older garages with alignment pits, and garages built on steep inclines are examples where handrails and protection from falls are needed.
If you think there is a risk of accident from an unprotected area, make your supervisor aware of it.

50. A Quick Solution
One of the easiest and quickest ways to prevent the most common slip and fall accidents is to pay attention.
If you notice clutter in the aisles, a slick spot, someone having trouble with a ladder, or something else that is likely to cause an injury, take a moment and fix the problem.
Clean up the spill. Pick up the bucket. Hold the ladder for your co-worker. You'll be doing the company and your co-workers a favor!

51. Back Injuries

52. Back Injuries
Over 66% of Americans will experience back pain during their lives.
Back pain can prevent a person from working and cost the person income and the business productivity.

53. Common Work-Related Back Injuries
Pinched nerves
Pulled muscles

54. 5 Ways You can Hurt Your Back
Lifting too much
Not getting help to lift or move something heavy or awkward
Bending over too far and lifting with the back instead of squatting and lifting with the legs
Lifting while off balance
Twisting with a load

55. Avoiding Injury On the Job
Do not bend at the waist and lift with your back.

56. Avoiding Injury On the Job
Bend at the knees and lift with your legs.

57. Let Your Legs Do the Lifting.
Stand close to the load with both feet firmly on the floor, about shoulder width apart. Point your toes out.
Squat down close to the load with your back straight, knees bent, and stomach muscles tight.
Grip the load firmly with both hands, not just the fingers.
Lift and stand up slowly, keeping your back straight and letting your legs do the lifting.

58. Don’t Twist
Caution: If you have to change direction while you're carrying a load, don't twist.
Twisting is a major cause of back injuries. To change direction, move your feet.

59. Unload Correctly
Lower the load slowly, bending your knees so your legs do the work.
Keep your back straight.
Position your hands so the fingers don't get caught under the load.
Place the load on the edge of the surface and slide it back.

60. Use Tools to Protect Your Back
In today's professional shops we have lifts, slings, dollies, two wheelers and all kinds of tools to help lift and carry heavy objects.
Also, don't be afraid to ask someone else for help!

61. Use Leverage Carefully
When using leverage on a wrench or pry bar, be sure you are firmly planted and test that the load is locked down.

62. Reducing back injuries
Get help when lifting heavy materials
Use a lifting tool, sling, dolly, etc.
Lift properly

63. Lifts and Jacks

64. Full Car Lifts
Over the last century hundreds of people have died or been severely injured from improperly lifting or securing cars during repair.
The first line of defense is to be trained on the lifting equipment you are preparing to use.

65. Information on the Lift or Rack
Most equipment has the basic safety recommendations and weight ratings posted in writing on the equipment.
If the labeling is not legible or has become dirty over time, most manufacturers are happy to provide new labels at no cost.
More and more lift providers have safety information on specific tools and equipment at their website as well.

66. Lift Safety Placard
Read instructions before using a lift

67. Hydraulic Floor Jacks Should never be used beyond weight limits
Should be checked frequently (following manufacturer's directions) for adequate hydraulic fluid
Should never be used if they have an obvious leak
Should never be used if they allow loads to slip down
Should always be used with jack stands

68. The #1 Amateur Mistake
The number one mistake of amateur or entry-level technicians and do-it-yourselfers is getting underneath a raised vehicle held up by a floor jack without first putting a jack stand(s) underneath..

69. Use only Professional Grade Jack Stands
Some water pipes do not have the same strengths as the special steels that rated jack stands and supports do
Be careful of using non-approved or makeshift jack stands such as unrated concrete or cinder blocks, pipes or home welded alternatives.
Cinder blocks and concrete blocks easily shatter even under light loads

70. Never, never, never get under a car without a jack stand or safe secondary support!

71. Ask If You Don't Know Where to Place the Jack!
Whichever jack you use for lifting the car in your shop, make sure you know where to place it on the vehicle for your safety and the protection of the vehicle.
New technicians, apprentices and entry level workers don't realize how vulnerable a car is to misuse from a jack.

72. Areas you should not try to lift are:
Steering arms
Floor pans
Crankshaft pulleys
Driveshafts

73. Jacking Points
Each car has specific and safe jacking points.
Do not place a lift if you are not sure.
Jacking points are available on AllData or ask your instructor

74. What’s wrong with this picture?

75. Engine Hoists and Transmission Jacks
Other lifting devices and jacking devices consist of engine lifts and transmission jacks.
The same rules apply to these. Read the manuals and have an experienced technician show you how to use them.

76. Lift on Level Ground
Always lift cars on level ground; never on tilted floors or floors with different heights.
Any time something "feels funny" or the balance doesn't look right, stop what you are doing and rethink the use of the tool and/or get a second opinion.

77. Power Tools

78. Common Power Tool Injuries
Standing in water while using electrical tools
Using tools with worn or frayed extension cords and plugs
Using an electric tool around flammable materials
Not using protective eyewear while drilling or grinding
Blowing an air nozzle close to ears

79. Common Power Tool Injuries
Blowing an air nozzle without protective eye wear (blow back)
Blowing an air nozzle without respirator protection (asbestos on clutch parts)
Clothing and jewelry catching on rotating equipment (grinders, drill presses, polishers)
Using an air chisel without ear, eye, or gloves for protection

80. Electrical Cords
Many shops fail to check their cords for shorts that could lead to electocution.
A short circuit locator can be run along cords that are used in the shop to locate shorts or open circuits.
This can help improve safety and find potential hazards in cords.

81. Avoiding Injury
Wear the proper safety gloves, glasses, and ear protection
Never carry a tool by its cord
Never yank a cord or hose to disconnect it from the receptacle
Disconnect tools when:
Not using them
Before servicing and cleaning
When changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters
Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool

82. Avoiding Injury [cont.]
Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool
Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing accessories
Remove all damaged portable electric tools from work area and tag them: "Do Not Use"
Make sure machine guards are in place

83. Missing Ground Pins
Never use an electrical device where the safety ground pin has been removed !!

84. Avoiding Injury [cont.]
Select the right tool for the job. Don't try to make them do something they're not designed for
Don't wear loose clothes, ties, jewelry, or gloves that could get caught in the machinery
Keep the work area clean. Be careful of flammable materials that could catch fire if ignited by a spark from the tools

85. Welding Equipment

86. Welding Equipment
2 types of commonly used welding equipment in the auto repair trade
Oxygen/Acetylene Welder
Metal and Inert Gas Welder

87. Oxy-Acetylene Safety
Never use an "oxy/acetylene" unit without training.
The oxygen/acetylene welder has two tanks of highly compressed gases that when combined with a spark, create an amazing amount of heat in a controlled flame.
Hollywood movies like "Jaws" have focused on the power of compressed gas. (Remember when the shark was blown up by the diver's compressed air tanks?)

88. Oxy-Acetylene Safety
The oxygen tank is one concern, but the really dangerous part is the highly flammable acetylene gas, which is also compressed.
This is the fuel for the high energy welding or cutting torch.
This is a gas which burns rapidly on its own. It's explosive! If gauges are not properly set up, if users aren't trained properly, if gas isn't turned off, and if tanks are not stored properly…the dangers are very high!

89. Cylinder Storage and Transport
Store cylinders in dry, ventilated areas on a fireproof floor, away from flammables or heat sources
Transport cylinders by strapping them to carts so they don't fall or bang into each other; never drop or roll a cylinder
Use cylinders only in areas with good ventilation, with nothing around that could burn or explode
Keep valves closed when cylinders are empty or not in use, and open them slowly when you have to
Keep valve protection caps in place when cylinders are not in use
Light flames according to manufacturer's instructions

90. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Wire Welders
You must have the proper training and safety equipment before using a GMAW welder.

91. Arc Welding Hazards
Eye injuries - The extreme brilliance of the light can burn the retina
Sparks and Spatter - The wire welder creates little fountains of flying sparks and small amounts of molten metal spatter that can burn an unprotected person and can set tiny small fires that may not be instantly recognizable
Electrical "arcing"
Gold and silver rings can receive an "arc" and turn molten. This super hot molten metal can literally burn fingers off
Necklaces, metal piercings (such as navel, nipple, nose, etc.) can draw an arc under the "wrong" circumstances

92. Welding – Fire prevention
Proper fire extinguishers should be very close to the person welding, brazing or cutting.
Experienced welders always have large squirt bottles of water to cool the welded area or quench places where hot sparks or particles may have leaped.
Many keep a bucket of water or hose nearby as well

93. Personal Protective Equipment
Trained welders always wear the correct protective clothing, especially eye and face protection, hand protection and fireproof clothing.
Even shoestrings can catch fire from the hot "bee bee's" of spatter and slag that are part of the welding process.

94. Respirators and Air Quality

95. Respirators and Air Quality
The key areas where pollution and personal risk occur usually are:
Brake and clutch repair (where there may be asbestos)
Auto body and refinishing (painting) and around brake and use a respirator
Closed areas where exhaust fumes may collect

96. Preventing respiratory injury
Understand where there are respiratory risks in the automotive workplace
Get trained on reducing these risks whenever possible
Understand when and how to use the right equipment (such as exhaust equipment or paint booths)
Use personal protective equipment EVERY time to protect yourself (brake wash, respirators, etc.)

97. Brake and Clutch Work
Use an aqueous cleaner machine to wet down brake shoes prior to disassembly
The aqueous cleaner may also be used to wet down clutch assemblies prior to disassembly

98. Exhaust Extraction Systems
Carbon Monoxide [CO] can impede breathing, produce fatigue, headache, weakness, nausea, and dizziness, and at very high levels can cause death.
CO is invisible and is heavier than air.
In a closed space it fills up from the floor and silently moves up, much like a swimming pool filling up.

99. Carbon Monoxide
If the garage door is open, the carbon monoxide tends to flow out like water.
With open doors the level is usually acceptable according to OSHA regulations; however, it is still a good idea to use the exhaust extraction system just to be safe.
When the garage door is closed, though, always put the hose over the car's tailpipe before working on it

100. Short engine startups
The highest levels of CO occur in the first few minutes of operation before the engine and catalytic converter warm up.
Never think that running the motor “just for a few minutes” won’t hurt anything. It will!

101. Automobile Accidents

102. Operating Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of work related fatalities in the U.S
In the automotive industry, people are constantly moving cars on and off the street and in and out of stalls at repair facilities.
Accidents can happen on the road as well as in the shop.

103. When operating a vehicle:
Walk Around - Prior to driving an unfamiliar vehicle, check tire condition as appropriate, and any other problem that may be visible.
Identify any liability issues as well...check for dents and damage before you drive
Fit yourself to the car - adjust the seat so you can reach the pedals and steering wheel
Make sure you can see. Adjust the mirrors and check all the windows. Do not drive with vision obscured
Buckle up before you operate any vehicle
Never operate a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or prescription medicines that have a warning against driving

104. Valid Driver's License
Most dealerships and independent repair shops require employees to prove that they have a valid driver's license.
The company you work for will not allow you to operate a vehicle on public streets without a valid driver's license.
If you lose your driver's license for any reason, you must notify your supervisor immediately!

105. Blood Borne Pathogens

106. Blood Borne Pathogens
Blood Borne Pathogens are communicated most easily from person to person by contact with blood.
Hospital workers are well informed and extremely sensitive about being infected by exposure to diseases known as "pathogens" that are carried by blood.
Although not a common problem, every automotive worker will come in contact with "an incident" where they must make a decision on how to handle a blood borne pathogen.

107. Pathogens
Blood borne pathogens such as HIV/AIDS (left) and Hepatitis B (right) can be transferred through blood.

108. Likely Sources
Vehicles damaged in accidents are the most likely source for blood, small pieces of tissue, or other fluids.
Treat all bodily fluids as if they contain blood.

109. Who is at Risk? Auto recycler (salvage) disassembler
Auto body technicians
Auto body detail or cleanup specialists
Insurance claims staffs
Airbag technicians
Mechanics working inside accident vehicles on airbags, seat belts, steering wheels, interiors

110. Examples of Exposure
Three Common Examples of Potential Blood Borne Pathogen Contact:
A worker gets a nasty cut and asks you to help clean and bandage the wound
A co-worker who is a diabetic forgets and leaves an unprotected syringe in the restroom
A co-worker bumps into a sharp edge of sheet metal which penetrates the skin

111. Handling Blood or Bodily Fluids
Immediately put on protective gloves and glasses before coming in contact with fluids or dried blood
Treat all bodily fluids, including dried blood residues, as if they contain blood
If you get blood or fluids on your skin, wash thoroughly with hot soap and water as soon as possible
If you anticipate airborne blood such as a sneeze from someone with a bloody nose, put on a surgical style particle mask or shop respirator and glasses

112. Handling Contamination
Clean blood with proper disinfectants
Dispose of contaminated "sharp objects" including sheet metal, glass, etc., in such a way they will not come in contact again with others
Separate contaminated clothing such as uniforms into plastic bags and label "Clothing Contains Blood" on the bag
Dispose of gloves by turning inside out and wrapping in a protective bag before discarding
Wash your hands, arms, and face thoroughly with soap and water after cleanup

113. Use Gloves for Cleanup
For cleaning up glass or sharp objects that may have blood, use protective nitrile type gloves UNDER work gloves.
Never use protective gloves twice or try to clean them!
Reusable clothing, such as washable work gloves and uniforms, should be washed, using a normal laundry cycle, according to the instructions of detergent and machine manufacturers.

114. Contact of Blood With Open Cuts, Wounds
For concerns over high risk contacts, an antimicrobial surgical hand scrub should be used as soon as possible.
Notify your safety director and contact a doctor as soon as possible

115. Disinfectants
Disinfectants kill the viruses or bacteria so they are no longer harmful. The most common are:
Chlorine (common laundry bleach): Use straight out of the bottle. Again, use protective gloves and glasses, it's a strong irritant, but kills most bacteria and viruses. Corrosive to metal surfaces.
Alcohols: Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol: Use straight out of the bottle. It has 75-80% alcohol concentration and is a good general purpose disinfectant.

116. Methods of Sterilization or Disinfection of Vehicles
On hard plastic and vinyl items, blood may be washed off with soap and water.
If there is extensive dried blood, use bleach or a solution of bleach.
Remember, bleach is corrosive and may stain some plastics, so experiment with a small area that does not show before wiping a large area and doing damage.
Bleach WILL stain cloth interiors.
If bleach damages a small area you may try a "sterilant" or "disinfectant" which may not do damage.

117. Workplace Anger

118. Workplace Anger
After work related automobile accidents, workplace anger is the second most likely way people die on the job.
Approximately 1,000 homicides in the workplace are reported annually in the United States.

119. Workplace Anger
According to the Workplace Violence Research Institute (at OSHA), every day in the U.S. workplace there are:
43,800 people harassed
16,400 threats made
723 people attacked
2.7 people murdered

120. Anger Assessment
Here are several warning signs that your anger or that of an associate is about to spill over:
Separation from others
Not taking responsibility for one's actions
Controlling behavior
Acting one way, but talking another
Actions out of character...actions to shock others
Having one point of view and not open to others
Addictions to gambling, alcohol, drugs

121. Anger Management Options Common Results
* Example – your boss yells at you for a minor mistake.
Options
Common Results
Listen, but don't react; take deep breaths
Anger temporarily resolved, remain in control
Go back to work and work harder
Work anger off, be productive
Think, "Boy he's having a bad day"
Wisdom - Understand that someone else is having a bad day
Loudly argue the point
Prove nothing, raise blood pressure, look out of control, lose money, and run the risk of being fired

122. Hazardous Chemicals and MSDS

123. Hazardous Chemicals and MSDS
OSHA requires employers to provide their employees with detailed information and training on the chemicals they work with and keep the information where it is easy to access.
MSDS Sheets should be kept in an easy to find place and all employees should know where they are.

124. 3 Ways Information is relayed to the user
Labels on the containers of chemicals
A material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each chemical in use at the worksite - maintained in an easily accessible location
Training sessions on the chemicals you use on your job and how to protect yourself from being harmed by them.

125. Read the Label!
The label can provide a lot of useful information, such as:
Warnings
Directions on proper usage
First aid information in case of exposure or an emergency

126. MSDS: More In-Depth Information
The material safety data sheets contain more detailed information than the labels.
You should become familiar with this information BEFORE you begin working with the chemicals.
Refer to the sheets to solve other problems, such as what to do in case of leakage or a spill.

127. Health Explanations
Acute or chronic effects: A chemical that is acutely toxic can injure you after a single exposure. This is different than other chemicals that may harm you after repeated or prolonged use.
Route of entry: How a chemical may enter the human body - such as inhaling, swallowing, breathing or through skin absorption. The possible route of entry is important to know and helps you determine what personal protective equipment (PPE) you should use when handling the substance.

128. Local or Systemic reaction:
There are two ways your body can react when you are exposed to a toxic chemical. You can experience one of the reactions or both reactions at the same time.
A Local reaction will occur at the site of the exposure, such as irritations or damage to the skin, eyes, or lungs.
A Systemic reaction occurs when chemicals enter the bloodstream through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs. Your entire body can be damaged. This means your whole "system" is reacting.

129. Health Explanations
Target organs: Organs in your body that are damaged by a systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical, such as the liver, heart, lungs or kidneys
Permissible exposure limit (PEL): Some chemicals have almost no problem unless they come in contact with you for a long period of time. Soap is a good example. A common bar of soap is a group of chemicals that you use every day. However, if you hold a wet bar of soap against your skin for a long period, you may develop a rash. The Permissible Exposure Limit measurement will tell you the average amount of a chemical that you can safely be exposed to over an 8-hour period.

130. Health Explanations
Compatibility: Toward the bottom of every MSDS is a section that describes what chemicals the material should not be mixed with. For example, chlorine bleach mixed with ammonia can cause an extremely toxic gas. If you have any questions about the chemical terminology, check with your supervisor

131. MSDS
If you aren't sure of chemicals or supplies, check the MSDS sheet and/or ask your direct supervisor or a knowledgeable coworker who has experience with the proper usage.

132. General Precautions
Never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals in the work area
Keep flammable and explosive material away from any heat sources
Make sure there is enough ventilation in the work area. If you feel the slightest amount of dizziness or nausea, report the incident immediately to your supervisor

133. General Precautions
Use the right personal protective equipment. This may include gloves, safety glasses, masks, respirators, and work clothes, depending on the type of chemicals you are using. Keep all equipment clean and report any damage
Know how to properly dispose of all contaminated materials
Always use established procedures for handling, storing, or transporting hazardous chemicals

134. Clear Labels
All containers for chemicals should be clearly labeled with the product name, part number or ID number.
They should also be labeled with the name and address of the manufacturer, importer, or distributor.
This information is also available on the MSDS.

135. Secondary Containers
In some shops we buy chemicals in bulk, but we pour them into smaller containers to use them, and we don't label the second container.
Whenever a chemical is dispensed from its original container into a secondary container, the secondary container must be labeled to show the product's name and information.

136. Secondary Containers
Some containers can have leftover residue that could still cause harm or be dangerous.
When original containers or secondary containers have been emptied of usable material, they should be drained, emptied, and cleaned as appropriate for reuse or disposal.

137. High voltage electrical testing
Hybrid and electric vehicles have high voltage electrical system components.
Touching any high voltage conductor can be fatal
High voltage can jump across a small air gap so it is possible to receive a fatal shock without actually touching a conductor
©2005 Porter and Chester Institute / Connecticut School of Electronics

138. High voltage electrical testing
An orange wiring harness cover indicates high voltage conductors
Do not disconnect or test and wires that are inside an orange harness cover until the high voltage system has been shut down

139. High voltage electrical testing
When testing electrical components of a hybrid or EV high voltage rubber gloves must be worn
Leather glove covers should be worn over the rubber gloves
CAT 3 rated test leads are also required

140. Additional Information

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