1. The Age of Andrew Jackson
“Oh the IRONY! My image is affixed on national currency!”

2. The Republican Party Changes
Some members clung to old Republican ideals of limited government and strict interpretation of the Constitution
Most of the Rep. adopted what had once been a Federalist program.
A Republican congress maintained a large army and navy, chartered a Second Bank of the US in 1816 (originally championed by Hamilton, the Federalist)
Some reversed their views from one decade to the next.
Daniel Webster of Mass. Strongly opposed the tariffs of 1816 and 1824 but in 1828 supported even higher tariff rates,
John C. Calhoun of S.C. an outspoken war hawk and nationalist in 1812, became a leading champion of states’ rights after 1828
Political factions and sectional differences became more intense during Monroe’s second term. Monroe honored the two-term tradition.

3. How would a party choose a candidate?
Candidates for office would be nominated either by state legislatures or by “King Caucus”-a closed door meeting of a political party’s leaders in Congress.
The common people had no opportunity to participate
1830’s caucuses would be replaced by nominating conventions in which political parties and voters would gather in a large meeting hall to nominate the party’s candidates.
This is MORE democratic

4. “Era of good feelings” turns into political bad feelings
Old conventional caucus system for choosing presidential candidates had broken down
As a result, FOUR candidates of the same party (Republican party founded by Jefferson) campaigned for the presidency
Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
William Crawford

5. The Election of 1824
All were Republicans, so they split the electoral votes.
Jackson won the popular vote
NO Electoral College majority so the House of Rep. would choose of the top 3.
Henry Clay used his influence in the House to provide J. Q. Adams enough votes
Adams appoints Clay as the Sec. of State once he throws his support behind Adams, viewed by some as a “secret political maneuvers” that Jackson will call a Corrupt Bargain!
Adams WINS!
Jacksonians feel ripped off already and Adams further alienates them by pushing his financial limits with Congress
Too much money allocated for internal improvements, that Jackson felt was a waste of money.

6. The Election of 1824 Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote
Andrew Jackson
153,544 99
John Quincy Adams
108,740 84
Henry Clay
47,136 37
William Crawford
46,618 41

7. The Image of Andrew Jackson
He represents the symbol of emerging working and middle class…“common man”
Chewed tobacco, fought duels, had rough manners, no college education
An extraordinary, ordinary self-made man, living a legend.
He drew support from all social groups and sections of the country

8. The Role he takes on…
Protector of the people against abuses of power by rich and privileged
Frugal-opposed spending or increasing national debt.
Narrow interpretation of the role of Congress (for this reason, he had a lot of vetoes)
Maysville Rd. Construction-vetoed it because it was in Kentucky (Clay’s home state)
He had unofficial advisors known as the “kitchen cabinet” that were not actual members of the presidential cabinet

9. New Campaign Tactics
Since voters are more involved in the nominating process, campaigning becomes a necessity
The Dirty tricks of “Old Hickory” go beyond the BBQs and parades that were now a part of a national campaign.
Ex. “Adam’s wife was born out of wedlock” was retaliated with “Jackson’s wife is adulterous.”

10. The Election of 1828 Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote
John Quincy Adams
508,064 83
Andrew Jackson
647,286
178

11. Election of 1828
Jackson wins, not because of the issues but because he has come to be a well known war here, a man of the western frontier…he won because of his image.

12. EXPANDING DEMOCRACY
De Tocqueville notices democratic ways, few class differences yet oppression of blacks
Middle /lower class males voted more
Most states eliminated property qualifications for voting
Nominating conventions used vs. caucuses
National campaigns
More officials elected vs. appointed
Spoils system/.rotation in office = all could hold office

13. Tariff of 1828 North is satisfied with the tariff of 1828
South denounced it as a tariff of abominations (felt that it was too high and unconstitutional)
Keeping in mind that even the Republicans didn’t know how they felt as a party about tariffs, sectional differences are certainly dividing them.

14. TARIFF Jackson favored states’ rights but not disunion
1828 tariff = Tariff of Abominations  So. Carolina said was too high and unconstitutional
Revolution of 1828 (Adams possible reelection?)
Jacksonians use the discontent of the South and the West and some new campaign tactics to get Jackson elected

15. The Tariff of Abominations
1828, Congress passed a heavy tariff
Calhoun secretly (at first) supports nullification in South Carolina
Force Bill… authorizes Jackson to use force if necessary
Compromise Tariff of 1833 (brokered by Henry Clay)
SC repeals nullification
John C. Calhoun

16. NULLIFICATION CRISIS Regarding the Tariff of Abominations
Calhoun issued Doctrine of Nullification = each state could decide if federal laws were constitutional (if not, could nullify them)
Jackson threatened federal troops (Force Bill) if South Carolina didn’t enforce tariff/nullified
Congress passed lower tariff  crisis avoided although South Carolina nullified Force Bill threatening troops
Congress passed lower tariff  crisis avoided tho So. Carolina nullified Force Bill threatening troops
Secession a possibility according to Calhoun

17. NATIVE AMERICAN POLICY
Jackson not democratic toward Indians-were in the way of white settlement removed to W of Miss R
1830: Indian Removal Act-by 1835 most complied and moved
Cherokees in Georgia challenged Worcester v. Georgia=state laws had not effect on Indian nations
Jackson sided w. states – defied Supreme Court
Trail of Tear in 1838

18. NATIVE AMERICAN POLICY
Created the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Marshall sided with the Cherokees but it didn’t matter because Jackson ignored the ruling of the Supreme Court and forced removal of the Indians anyway.
The U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia on the “trail of tears”
4000 Cherokees died enroute

19. NATIONAL BANK
Bank of U.S. and it’s branches were privately owned by received federal deposits and attempted to serve public purposes (cushion ups and downs of the economy by adjusting interest rates and loans)
Bank president was effective by arrogant so people suspected that he abused his power (Jackson did anyway)
Clay favored the bank, so he wanted to recharter, Bank Recharter Bill 1832
Jackson vetoed the bill and denounced it as a private monopoly that enriched the wealthy at the expense of the common man.

20. The National Bank

21. NATIONAL BANK
Henry Clay brought recharter of bank up early to challenge Jackson in election year
Jackson believed bank was unconstitutional and that it favored Northern interests  he subsequently vetoed
Took federal money out and put in “pet” state banks

22. The Election of 1832

23. King Andrew

24. Pet Banks Jackson vetoed the recharter and withdrew federal funds
He transferred the money into various state banks=Pet banks
This lead to bad inflation
In order to check inflationary trends, Jackson ordered the Specie Circular

25. The Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren Candidate Popular Vote
Electoral Vote
Van Buren
764,176
170
William H. Harrison
550,816 73
Hugh L. White
146,107 26

26. The Panic of 1837

27. Specie Circular and Panic of 1837
Specie Circular-requires all future purchases of fed. Lands to be made in gold and silver, not paper bank notes
Too little too late
Bank notes lost value, land sales plummeted, economic CRASH!
Eventually created Panic of 1837 lasting until 1843
Panics are economic depressions

28. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too. http://www. binghamtonschools

30. Websites for Andrew Jackson
White House Presidential Biographies Andrew Jackson The Good, evil and presidency PBS Documentary The Conquerers: Andrew Jackson against the Seminoles