1. Tools, Technologies and Inventions through the years
How do science concepts, engineering skills
and applications of technology improve the quality of life?
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2. History
The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques.
These inventions have enabled people to create and accomplish many new things.
Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions.
Technological artifacts are products of a society’s economy, a force for economic growth, and a large part of everyday life.

3. Why?
The invention of tools and techniques is evidence of a society’s ability to solve problems that were encountered in every day life.

4. What is a tool?
The most basic tools are simple machines. When particularly intended for domestic use, a tool is often called a utensil.

5. Types of Tools
Why do you think a knife is a necessary tool? For example, if you were stranded by yourself on a desert island, would you want a knife? Why?
Cutting tools, such as the knife, scissors or an axe, are wedge-shaped implements that produce a shearing force along a narrow face.

6. Discuss it… Would you need a knife to make a shelter?
Would you need a knife to help with your food?
What other kinds of things would you be able to do with a knife?
Could you cut pieces of trees or leaves? How could you catch a fish and cut it open to clean it? What if you caught an animal to eat like a rabbit – could you use its fur or meat without a knife? Could you use a sharp rock or file the end of a stick down to a spear to substitute for a knife?

7. Types of tools
Moving tools, move large and small things. All these tools move items by some kind of force. for example:
Concentrating force tools . These operate by applying physical compression to a surface.
Writing implements deliver a fluid to a surface via compression to activate the ink cartridge.
Grabbing and twisting nuts and blots with pliers, a glove, or a wrench
Inclined planes, wedges and pulleys help move large items.

8. Discuss it…
Have you ever built anything with wood? Did you use a hammer or screwdriver?
What do you think people did before hammers? What problems did they have?
Building a house? They may have used rocks. They probably bashed their fingers or broke the rocks. The hammer also takes advantage of the lever, so they would have had to use more force.

9. Types of tools When do you use these types of tools? How do they help?
If you had only one piece of paper and a pen and had to draw a perfect square, would you want a ruler? Why?
Guiding and measuring tools include the ruler, set square, and straightedge.

10. Types of tools
Fastening tools, such as welders, rivet guns, nail guns, glue guns, and glue help us by fastening things together.
When do you use tools like these? How do they help you?
Imagine driving a car that was put together without any fastening tools…would you want to? Why or why not?

11. Early Civilizations and tools
There were three main time periods or ages when tools were the main technological development: The Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.

12. The Stone Age The first tool-makers!
This period of time is called the Stone Age because these very early men created tools from stone. The Stone Age ran from about 2 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago.

13. Why did they need tools?
Humans did not have strong claws to help them fight. They could not out run saber-toothed tigers or cave lions. Man had to get smart to survive! At this time, man began creating stone tools to help live more comfortably, and to better protect themselves against the many meat eating animals of the time.

14. 200,000 years later… Man learns to make FIRE!
DISCUSS: How do you think the ability to make fire changed life?

15. A collection of stone age tools:
Can you guess which tools were used for what?

16. Discuss…
How do you think it happened that the first stone tool was used or made? What problem do you think someone may have had that they solved with a stone tool?

17. The Bronze Age The Stone Age developed into the Bronze Age .
During this period in the development of technology is when metals were first used regularly in the manufacture of tools and weapons.

18. Mining, smelting, and casting became organized efforts.

19. Can you guess which tools were used for what?
Bronze Age Tools
Can you guess which tools were used for what?

20. Discuss… What made bronze tools better than stone tools?
What kinds of things could be done easier with bronze tools than with stone tools?
What could improve bronze tools?

21. The Iron Age
The Iron Age involved the adoption of iron smelting technology. It generally replaced bronze, and made it possible to produce tools which were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents.

22. Can you guess which tools were used for what?
Iron Age Tools
Can you guess which tools were used for what?

23. Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp to aid construction processes.
How did this allow them to build bigger and better buildings?

24. Ancient Egyptians
They were among the first to extract gold by large-scale mining using fire-setting, and the first recognizable map. Egyptian paper, made from papyrus, and pottery was mass produced.

25. India
India is notable for its early application of city planning and sanitation technologies. Cites in the Indus Valley offer some of the first examples of closed gutters, public baths, and communal granaries.
India was also at the forefront of seafaring technology . Ship construction is vividly described in an ancient Indian text on Shipbuilding.

26. China
The Chinese made many first-known discoveries and developments: early seismological detectors, matches, paper, the double-action piston pump, the iron plough, the wheelbarrow, the suspension bridge, the parachute, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the propeller.

27. Greece Greek engineers invented many technologies.
Heron of Alexandria invented a basic steam engine, watermill and windmill.
Archimedes invented several machines. One example is the Archimedean screw.
Other technologies invented by Greek scientists include the ballistae, and primitive analog computers.

28. Moving into current times…
From ancient civilizations until now, there have been many inventions, discoveries, and development of technologies.
In current society, when man is faced with a problem, he naturally searches for an answer. If he can not find one, he will create one using current knowledge.