1. World War II Erupts
Chapter 16 Notes

3. Objectives:
How did the aftermath of World War I contribute to political problems in Europe?
How did the problems facing Europe in the postwar years lead to the rise of totalitarian leaders?
What events exemplify the growing use of military force by totalitarian regimes in the 1930s?
What alarming actions did Adolf Hitler take in the mid-1930s?

4. Problems in Europe after WWI
Millions dead
Farms & cities ruined
Economy in ruins

6. Problems in Europe after WWI
Problems w/ Treaty of Versailles
France --too easy
Italy—ignored
Germany—loses land, pay reparations, weak gov’t.

7. Europe after World War I

8. Problems in Europe after WWI
Problems w/ the League of Nations
No military power

10. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia
Italy, 1922
Benito Mussolini
National Fascist Party
Glorified state; no individual rights
Violence against Comm. & Soc.

11. Italy 1935, Italy invades Ethiopia
Ethiopians request help from League of Nations & world—denied

13. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia
Spain, 1930s
Francisco Franco
Fascist
General during the Spanish Civil War, emerges leader

14. Spanish Civil War Nationalists Popular Front Monarchy & monarchists
Catholics & Catholic Church
Anarchists
Basques
Catalans
Communists
Republicans
Socialists

15. Spanish Civil War

16. Guernica by Pablo Picasso

17. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Communist
Seized power at Lenin’s death
Eliminated all opposition (purges & gulags)

18. Soviet Union Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler agrees not to invade SU
SU will stay out of war
Divide Poland b/w them

19. Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact

21. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia
Japan
Hideki Tojo (main military leader; takes full control in 1940)
Nationalist/Military gov’t.

22. Japan
1934—violates Washington Naval Conference & builds up navy

23. Japan
1936—signs anticommunist pact w/ Germany

25. Japan
1937--Invades Manchuria & northern China to gain resources

28. Japan 1941—invades French Indochina Interferes w/ American interests
Won’t negotiate w/ FDR

29. Germany Germany, Adolf Hitler National Socialist Party (Nazis)
Failed attempt to seize power in
Prison
wrote Mien Kampf

30. Germany 1933—became chancellor (elected position)
Gradually seized power & built up military

33. Germany First concentration camps built, 1933
Goering founds GESTAPO, 1933
the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed, 1934
Hitler becomes Der Fuherer, 1934
Hermann Goering

34. CONCENTRATION CAMPS 100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe
prisoners used for forced labor
prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year
communists, homosexuals, criminals, social-democrats, artists.
First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

35. Germany
Nuremberg Laws, 1935

37. Objectives:
How did Germany’s actions in 1939 trigger the start of World War II?
Where did German forces turn after overrunning Poland in 1939?
What developments increased tensions between the United States and Japan in East Asia?

38. Germany Heinreich Himmler appointed chief of German police, 1936
1936—Hitler places troops in the Rhineland (area that borders France & Germany)
GB & Fr do nothing to stop this

39. Germany

40. Germany
1938—Anschluss—Hitler attempts to unite Germans in Germany & Austria
Austrian gov’t objects
Hitler forces his way into Austria
GB & Fr do nothing to stop this

41. Germany
1938--Hitler wants control of the Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia)
Encourages Germans in Sudetenland to protest Czech. Gov’t.
Munich Agreement--N. Chamberlain & other Allies allow Hitler to annex the Sudetenland (appeasement)
Churchill is against appeasement

44. Munich Agreement
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. –British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain

45. Germany
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass), 1939

46. Germany
MS St. Louis turned away from US

47. Germany
1939—Hitler annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia (appeasement fails)
Signs pact w/ Italy
Signs pact w/ Soviet Union

48. Germany & Italy form alliance

49. Germany 1939--Hitler invades Poland Blitzkrieg
German Jews sent to Poland, ghettos established
Allies (GB & Fr) declare war on Germany
Wait for Hitler to attack through the Maginot Line
Hitler attacks through the Ardennes Forrest

51. German troops in Warsaw, Poland

53. Germany 1940—Hitler invades Denmark & Norway
Gives Germany more access to Atlantic Ocean

54. Germany 1940—forms an alliance w/ Italy & Japan Tripartite Pact
Axis Powers

55. Germany
1940--Hitler invades Belgium

56. Germany Hitler also invades France Attacks through Ardennes Forrest
France surrenders to Germany & Italy, June 1940
Maginot Line

58. Germany
British troops evacuate Dunkirk, France, June 1940

59. Vichy France—unconquered area of France

60. The French Resistance
Gen. Charles DeGualle

61. Objectives:
Why was a commitment to isolationism so widespread in the 1930s?
How did Roosevelt balance American isolationism with the need to intervene in the war?
What did the United States do to prepare for war in 1940 and 1941?
What were the causes and effects of the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor?

62. US Isolationism Amer. questioned reasons & cost of WWI
Anti- League of Nations feelings
1935—Neutrality Act
Prohibits sale of arms & loans to warring countries

63. America First Committee

64. US Intervention
Individual Amer. participate in Spanish Civil War: American Lincoln Brigade
FDR ends trade w/ Italy following invasion of Ethiopia
FDR gives “Quarantine Speech”

65. US Intervention US builds up navy “Cash & Carry” policy
FDR urges “All aid short of war”

66. US Intervention Lend Lease Act Atlantic Charter
Agreement b/w FDR & Churchill
Against Hitler

67. Lend-Lease Act
Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

68. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
US conflict w/ Japan over Indochina
US ends trade w/ Japan & freezes assets in US
US allies w/ Brit. & Fr.

70. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Kamikaze Pilots
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

74. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
Attack lasted 2 hrs
8 battleships damaged; 4 sunk
200 aircraft destroyed
2,400 Americans killed

82. Pearl Harbor Memorial

83. Objectives:
How did the U.S. armed forces mobilize to fight World War II?
What role did American industry and science play in mobilizing to fight World War II?
How did mobilization challenge the nation’s ideals of freedom?

85. FDR signs a declaration of war after attacks on Pearl Harbor

86. America Mobilizes for War
Gen. George C. Marshall leads effort
Mobilization ends the Depression

87. America Mobilizes for War
Factories turn to wartime production
Gov’t. regulated production
National War Labor Board
Smith Connally Act

89. Opportunities for women:
Factory jobs
Rosie the Riveter
WAVES (Navy)
WACS (Army)
WASPS (Air Force)
Red Cross Nurses

91. Rosie the Riveter

95. This is my grandmother’s Nurse’s Aid class
This is my grandmother’s Nurse’s Aid class. Can you pick out which lady she is?

96. My grandparents (Paul & Bette Bratten)

97. America Mobilizes for War
New military bases
Mass production of ships
Henry Kaiser
Draft reinstated; many volunteers

98. America Mobilizes for War
Manhattan Project
Atomic bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer & Gen. Leslie Groves

100. Oak Ridge, TN City did not exist until 1942
Site chosen b/c of rural location, proximity to hydroelectric power, water sources, railroad lines & private nature of Appalachians
4 factories built

104. Y-12 Plant

105. Graphite Reactor

107. Minorities Afr. Amer. served in segregated units
More jobs for minorities all around
Bracero program brought Hispanics to work in US
Zoot suit riots