1. Drugs/Addiction
Mrs. Gennaro

2. Prescription Medicine
Prescription Medicine- Medicines that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitioner.
Pharmacist dispenses these medicine.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- Medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription.
These medications can be used to make highly addictive, illegal drugs.

3. Katie Couric Video http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3541371n

5. Prescription Medicine
Medicine Misuse- Using a medicine in ways other than the intended use
Failing to follow instructions on or in the package
Giving a prescription to a person for whom it was not prescribed (taking another person’s medicine)
Taking too much or too little
Taking medicine for longer or shorter period than prescribed or recommended
Mixing medicines without the knowledge or approval of your doctor

6. Prescription Medicine
Medicine Abuse- Intentionally taking medications for non-medical reasons.
To lose weight or stay awake while studying
To fit in with peers (Pill parties)
Taking medicine that is prescribed to someone else
Drug overdose- A strong sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug.

7. Tobacco
Mrs. Gennaro

8. Nicotine/Carcinogen
Addictive Drug- Substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence.
Nicotine- Addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Stimulant- Drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.
Nicotine is a stimulant
It raises blood pressure and increases the heart rate

9. Tobacco Tobacco is an addictive and toxic drug.
It’s a Carcinogen- A cancer-causing substance.

10. What’s in tobacco smoke?
Tar- Thick, sticky, dark fluid, produced when tobacco burns.
Tar damages a smoker’s respiratory system by paralyzing and destroying cilia, the tiny hair like structures that line the upper airways and protect the body against infection
Tar also destroys the alveoli or air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

11. What’s in tobacco smoke?
Carbon Monoxide- Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas
Carbon monoxide deprives the body’s tissues and cells of oxygen.
Carbon monoxide increases the risk of:
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Hardening of the arteries
Other circulatory problems

12. What’s in a cigarette?

13. Other than cigarettes
Cigars- Contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes.
One cigar contains as much nicotine as an entire pack of 20 cigarettes.
Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus.

14. Smokeless Tobacco?
Smokeless Tobacco- Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.
Smokeless (spit) tobacco products are not a safe alternative to smoking
Nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth or the digestive track
The harmful chemicals of smokeless tobacco are absorbed into the body at levels up to 3 times longer than that of a smoked cigarette.
Leukoplakia- Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can deelop into oral cancer.

15. Effects of Tobacco Use Short-Term Effects-
Brain chemistry changes- Nicotine causes the body to crave more of the drug. May experience withdrawal symptoms (headaches, nervousness, and trembling)
Respiration and heart rate increase- Breathing during physical activity becomes difficult and endurance is decreased (may cause irregular heart rate)
Taste buds dulled/ appetite reduced- Lose much ability to enjoy foods
Bad breath, yellowed teeth, smelly hair, skin and clothes- Continuous tobacco use leads to permanent unattractive effects

16. Effects of Tobacco Use
Long-Term Effects- Overtime tobacco use can cause damage to may body systems
*People who are exposed to others who smoke can also suffer many health problems*
Chronic Bronchitis- Occurs when the cilia in the bronchi become so damaged they are useless (tar builds up in the lungs causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion
Emphysema- Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen
A person with emphysema uses up to 80% of there energy just to breathe

17. More Long-Term Effects
Lung Cancer- Develops when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed. Cancerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs.
Nearly 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking
Coronary heart disease and stroke- Caused by nicotine.
Nicotine constricts blood vessels (cuts down on blood flow to limbs)
Nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in the blood vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries called Arteriosclerosis
Weakened Immune system- Long-term tobacco use makes the body more vulnerable to disease.

19. Other Drug Categories
Psychoactive Drugs- Alter perception, thought, and mood- Could create illusions in the mind
Some consequences:
Side effects
Overdoes
Aids and hepatitis
Stillborn Children
Depressants- Slows down the heart and breathing rates, lowers blood pressure, relaxes muscles, and relieves tension
Types:
Alcohol
Tranquilizers
Narcotics- (Opium, codeine, or morphine)

20. Other Drug Categories
Stimulants- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rates.
Types:
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Crack
(Gives a feeling of excitement and being alert)
Hallucinogens- Alerts perception, thought and mood
LSD
PCP
Marijuana
Inhalants- Enter the blood stream directly from the lungs
Major damages to the kidneys, liver, bone marrow, and brain

21. Alcohol
Mrs. Gennaro

22. Facts about Alcohol
Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages.
Powerful and additive drug
Fermentation- Chemical action of yeast on sugars

23. Effects of Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol is a Depressant (even though the initial reaction of alcohol tries to mask its true effects)
Intoxication- The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.
Alcohol Abuse- Excessive use of alcohol

24. Depressants Slow down the heart and breathing rates.
Lowers blood pressure
Relaxes muscles and relieves tension
Some other depressants
Tranquilizers
Narcotics (opium, codeine, or morphine)

25. Overview Problems associated with alcohol Confusion
Decreased Alertness
Poor Coordination
Blurred Vision
Drowsiness
Blackouts
Death
Problems associated with alcohol (in the body)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Addiction/Alcoholism
Liver damage (cirrhosis and hepatitis)

26. Driving Under the Influence
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- Amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage.
DUI or DWI
DUI-Driving Under the Influence
Driving While Intoxicated

27. Blood Alcohol Concentration Levels
Body weight in pounds
Drinks per hour
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240 1
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02 2
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06 3
0.14
0.11
0.10

28. Blood Alcohol Concentration Calculation
Hour 1 2
Number of Drinks
BAC at start of hour
A. 0.00 E
BAC from table
B. 0.08
0.04
BAC (Start+Table)
C. 0.08
F. 0.10
Alcohol processed D
-0.02
BAC at end of hour
E. 0.06
G. 0.08
*A subtraction of 0.02 is made because that is the body breaking down
some of the alcohol.
* For ages a blood alcohol level of .02 is considered illegal.
* A blood alcohol level of .08 and above is considered the illegal.

29. Questions to talk about together
Why do you think some teens experiment with alcohol even though underage drinking is illegal and unsafe?
What can adults do to discourage drinking among teens?
What responsibility do you think teens have to discourage their friends from drinking? Their Classmates? Other teens who they might not even know?

30. What Influences Alcohol Use
Peer Pressure
Family
Media Messages

31. Alcohol and the Law If under 21 it is illegal to
Buy
Possess
Consume
Teens who break the law can be
Arrested
Fined
Sentenced to a youth detention cetner

32. Alcohol and violence
Teens who drink alcohol are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of:
Violent Crimes (Rape)
Aggravated Assault
Robbery
They are also more likely to be involved in fights, resulting in school or police attention

33. Short-term Effects of Drinking

34. Consequences Consequences of DUI or DWI- Harm to the driver and others
Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of driver’s license
Alcohol-related injuries, property damage, and death
Living with regret and remorse from these consequences
Loss of parental trust and respect
Arrest, jail time, court appearance, and a heavy fine or bail
A police record and possible lawsuits
Higher insurance rates- Up to 3 times higher than those for non-drinking peers

35. Alcohol and Sexual Activity
Alcohol use and sexual activity are a dangerous mixture.
Alcohol impairs judgment and lowers inhibitions and compromises moral standards

36. Alcohol
Binge Drinking- Drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting
Sometimes done on a bet or dare
Alcohol Poisoning- Sever and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

37. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Symptoms that indicate alcohol poisoning include
Mental confusion, coma, inability to be roused, vomiting, and seizures
Slow respiration-10 seconds between breaths or fewer than 8 breaths a minute
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia or low body temperature- pale or bluish skin color
Sever dehydration from vomiting

38. Alcohol
Alcoholism- A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinking that contain alcohol.
Alcoholic- An addict who is dependent on alcohol

39. Stages of Alcoholism Stage 3- Addiction Stage 1- Abuse
Alcoholism may begin with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. (Person may experience memory loss and blackouts and may begin to lie or make excuses to justify his or her drinking.
Stage 2-Dependense
The person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol. Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, at school, and at home suffers.
Stage 3- Addiction
Final stage of alcoholism. The liver may be already damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. (If the alcoholic stopped drinking, he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms.

40. Steps to Recovery Step 1- Admission
Person admits to having a drinking problem and asks for help.
Step 2- Detoxification
Person goes through detoxification, a process in which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol.
Step 3- Counseling
Person receives counseling to help him or her learn to change behaviors and live without alcohol.
Step 4- Recovery
Person takes responsibility for his or her own life.

41. Drinking while pregnant
Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy can be especially harmful to a baby’s central nervous system.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are both severe and lasting.

42. Alcoholics might display
Craving- A strong need to drink
Loss of control- Cannot limit drinking
Physical dependence- May experience withdrawal symptoms- nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety
Tolerance- Alcohol amount increases to feel its effects
Health, family, and legal problems- driving citations increase, arguments increase, poor relationships with family

43. Examples of Anti-Drinking:

44. Where to get help for Alcohol Abuse