1. Unit 5: Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs
Ch. 21,22,23

3. Tobacco Use
Tobacco use is the number one leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S.
Despite the numerous health risks related to smoking, chewing, or dipping tobacco, many teenagers begin to use this highly addictive drug

4. Nicotine
It is because of this addictive drug that many tobacco users find it very difficult to drop the habit.
Being a stimulant, nicotine increases the action of your central nervous system, heart, and other organs.
It raises blood pressure, heart rate, and contributes to heart disease and stroke.
Once you’re hooked you need more and more to satisfy your need for the drug.

5. Cigarette smoke: more than just stink
Tobacco smoke is TOXIC
It has been classified as a Group A carcinogen: the most dangerous type of carcinogen

6. Cigarette Cocktail: Tar with a splash of carbon monoxide
Tar: thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns.
Penetrates into the respiratory system & destroys cilia & lung tissue, & damages air sacs.
Smoking makes you more susceptible to bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, & cancer

7. Cigarette Cocktail: Tar with a splash of carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: colorless, odorless, & poisonous gas.
Taken up more easily than oxygen
Replaces oxygen in the blood thus depriving tissues and cells.
Increases the chance for: high blood pressure, heart disease, & hardening of the arteries.

9. Pipes and Cigars
Cigars contain MORE nicotine & produce more tar & carbon monoxide than cigarettes
ONE cigar = one PACK of cigarettes
Pipe & cigar smokers have an INCREASED risk of developing cancer of the mouth, lip, & throat

10. Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless tobacco: Not a safe alternative
Sniffed
Chewed
Dipped
Not a safe alternative
Nicotine & carcinogen are absorbed through the mucous membranes or digestive tract
Can deliver 2 to 3 times the amount of nicotine as a single cigarette
If you chew 8-10 plugs a day it equals 2 packs of cigarettes a day
Can develop leukoplakia
Cancers of the pancreas, throat, larynx, esophagus, & stomach are common.

11. Short-term effects Changes in brain chemistry
Cravings
Withdrawal symptoms
Increased respiration & heart rate
Physical activity may become more difficult
May cause an irregular heart beat
Dulled taste buds & reduced appetite
Bad breath & an unshakable stench

12. Long-term effects
Takes a toll on respiratory, cardiovascular, & digestive systems
Immune system is weakened
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Coronary heart disease & stroke

20. So…
Knowing all this, why do you think people choose to smoke anyway? Everyone is aware of the harmful effects of tobacco so why use it?

24. Short-term Effects Nervous System Cardiovascular Sys.
Brain is less able to control the body
Memory & concentration are dulled
Judgment &coordination are impaired
Cardiovascular Sys.
Low intake: increased heart rate & blood pressure
High intake: decreased heart rate & blood pressure
Risk of cardiac arrest increases

25. Short-term Effects Digestive System Respiratory System
Stomach acid increases resulting in nausea & vomiting
As the liver metabolizes alcohol toxic chemicals are released which cause inflammation & scarring
Kidneys increase urine output which can cause dehydration
Respiratory System
Carbon dioxide formed by the liver is released from the body through the lungs
Alcohol depresses nerves that control functions such as breathes which means that breathing can slow, become irregular, or stop

26. Short-term Effects
Effects vary from person to person and depend on various factors:
Body size & gender
Female have a higher percentage of body fat & less water which means alcohol is less diluted & will have a stronger & longer effect
Food
Amount & rate of intake

27. Alcohol & other drugs
Interaction between alcohol & other drugs can be extremely dangerous
This can result in a multiplier effect in which the drug has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone

28. Typical alcohol-drug interactions
Alcohol slows down the body’s absorption of a drug which lengthens the time of alcohol in the body & increases the risk of side effects.
May increase the number of metabolizing enzymes which can cause a faster breakdown which decreases their effectiveness.

29. Typical alcohol-drug interactions
Metabolizing enzymes can change medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organs
Acetaminophen, a common painkiller & fever reducer, can cause serious liver damage
Alcohol can increase the effects of some meds.
Antihistamines, can cause excessive dizziness & sleepiness

30. Driving under the influence
Alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, & coordination.
When mixed with driving, alcohol can have deadly results.
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount od alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage.
Signs of intoxication can show as early as 0.02

31. Alcohol Poisoning
A severe & potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose.
As a depressant, alcohol shuts down involuntary actions such as breathing & gag reflex, which prevents choking
Too much alcohol could lead to a complete shut down of these functions & result in choking on one’s own vomit

32. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Passing out is a common effect of too much alcohol in the system, BUT the alcohol does not stop entering the bloodstream at this point.
Do not assume that “sleeping it off” will ensure the safety of the inebriated person.

33. Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning
Mental confusion, stupor, coma, inability to wake, vomiting, seizures
Slow respiration
10 seconds between breaths or fewer than 8 breaths per minute
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia or low body temperature
Pale or bluish skin color
Sever dehydration from vomiting

34. Long-term effects Changes to the brain Cardiovascular changes
Addiction
Loss of brain functions
Brain damage
Cardiovascular changes
Damage to heart muscle
Enlarged heart
High blood pressure

35. Long-term effects Liver problems Digestive system problems
Fatty liver (fat blocks the flow of blood to the liver cells resulting in cell death)
Alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation/infection of liver)
Cirrhosis (scar tissue replaces liver tissue which can lead to liver failure & death)
Digestive system problems
Digestive lining is damaged which can result in ulcers & cancer of the stomach & esophagus

36. Long-term effects Pancreas problems
Lining to the pancreas swells which block chemicals the small intestine needs for digestion.
These chemicals begin to destroy the pancreas which causes pain & vomiting & death in sever cases.

37. Drinking during pregnancy
Women who drink while pregnant are also in turn giving alcohol to their unborn child
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical pain & metal problems
Small head & deformities of limbs
Slow growth & coordination
Difficulties with learning, attention, memory, & problem solving

38. Alcoholism
A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol.
Symptoms:
Craving
Loss of control
Physical dependence
Tolerance
Health, family, legal problems

39. Stages of alcoholism Stage 1: Abuse Stage 2: Dependence
Drinks on a regular basis & needs more alcohol to have the desired effects. Blackouts & memory loss are common. The person also begins to lie about their problem.
Stage 2: Dependence
The person cannot stop drinking & they begin making excuses for the problem. Home & work begin to suffer.
Stage 3: Addiction
Alcohol becomes the most important thing in the person’s life. Liver damage means less alcohol is needed to produce intoxication. Stopping would result in sever withdrawal symptoms.