1. UNIT 10: Road to the Civil War
America expands from Sea to shining Sea
Southerners want SLAVERY to be allowed everywhere;
Northerners want slavery to stay in the South
The Big Question:
Will the new land be open to SLAVERY?

2. SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES
Most POPULAR SOLUTION:
Popular Sovereignty: Letting states choose for themselves whether or not they will be SLAVE or FREE

3. NORTH v. SOUTH: 15 Free States = 15 Slave States
California ready for statehood: 49er’s are free white men.
South wants a Fugitive Slave Law to make sure runaway slaves are returned to the SOUTH

4. Henry Clay: Compromise of 1850= Northern Advantage
CALIFORNIA = FREE STATE
Popular Sovereignty In
Utah and New Mexico
South gets a FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

5. SLAVERY WAS DISAPPEARING ABOLITIONISM WAS GROWING
IN THE NORTH
ABOLITIONISM WAS GROWING

6. Meanwhile Southern states become more dependent on slaves
Slaves created the enormous wealth that made the South prosper

7. KING COTTON: Cotton production boomed and dominated the farming of the South. Slavery was a closely defended PECULIAR INSTITUTION

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriett Beecher Stowe writes a book about the cruelties of slavery
The Book is wildly popular (over 2 million copies sold)
Southerner believe the NORTH IS OUT TO GET THEM!

10. SOUTHERNERS LOVE THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT! WHY? RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS
Kansas and Nebraska open to Popular Sovereignty (potential slave states
Repeals the Missouri Compromise (no slaves north of 36 30’)
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS
WAR between pro-slavery
and anti-slavery settlers

11. “Bleeding Kansas” KANSAS ERUPTS INTO A MINI-CIVIL WAR
PRO-SLAVERY settlers try to populate the state and make it a slave state
ABOLITIONIST settlers try to stop them
FIGHTING goes on for years at both sides refuse to surrender

12. Violence in the Senate Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
South Carolina Congressman beat Senator Charles Sumner in the
Senate chamber with a cane after Sumner insulted Southerners

13. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 -SLAVE THAT LIVED IN FREE TERRITORY
-SUED TO BE FREE
-SUPREME COURT REJECTS HIS CASE
1. HE IS NOT A CITIZEN
AND CANNOT SUE
2. SLAVES ARE PROPERTY
AND CAN BE TAKEN
ANYWHERE

14. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
Brown a radical abolitionist
He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start a slave revolution
He FAILS and is hanged
Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support BROWN!

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

16. 1860 Presidential Election
Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

17. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Abraham Lincoln is the CANDIDATE
He is NOT AN ABOLITIONIST
HE DOES NOT WANT SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES
ABRAHAM LINCOLN PROMISES THE SOUTH HE WILL NOT TOUCH SLAVERY WHERE IT ALREADY EXISTS

18. WHENEVER ONE POLITICAL PARTY SPLITS IT IS EASIER FOR THE OTHER TO WIN
ELECTION OF 1860
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: REPUBLICAN
DEMOCRATIC PART SPLIT!!
Northern Democrats
Southern Democrats
WHENEVER ONE POLITICAL PARTY SPLITS IT IS EASIER FOR THE OTHER TO WIN

20. LINCOLN WINS November 1860 Lincoln wins with less than 50% of the vote
He does not get inaugurated until March of 1861
Southern States vowed to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected
They do!!!!!!!!!

21. Lincoln’s election (Nov 1860) Causes the Southern states
To SECEDE (LEAVE) the
UNION

22. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861