1. Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government
Chapter 2
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.
Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government

2. Fisher Ames
The people must be governed by a majority, with whom all power resides. But how is the sense of this majority to be obtained?
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

3. Introduction Liberty Framers wanted to protect liberty
Sought to restrain political power
Limited Government
Gov. is subject to strict limits on its lawful use of power
Self-Government
Gov. is subject to the will of the people as expressed through their votes
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

4. Before the Constitution
“The Rights of Englishmen”
French and Indian War
led to taxes on colonists
Stamp Tax
Tax on colonial newspapers & business documents
led to cry of “no taxation without representation”
Townshend Act
more taxes; paper, glass, & tea
George III sent troops to enforce it
Boston Tea Party
First Continental Congress- Philadelphia 1774
Called for free assembly, end to British occupation, colonial councils for imposition of taxes, trial by local juries…
Colonists rebelled because they thought their rights as British subjects were being violated
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

5. Before the Constitution
2nd Continental Congress- The Declaration of Independence
Locke: inalienable rights- “natural rights”
Jefferson: (primary author)
paraphrased Locke’s philosophy
Call to revolution–not a framework of government
Liberty, equality, individual rights, self-government, lawful powers
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

6. Before the Constitution
The Articles of Confederation
(Our nation’s 1st plan of gov.)
Writers were leery of a powerful central government
Each state retained its “sovereignty, freedom, and independence”
Congress to provide for national defense but no power to do so
Congress was not allowed to interfere with states’ commerce
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

7. Before the Constitution
Shay’s Rebellion-
(A sign that the national gov. was too weak)
Late 1786 in Massachusetts, mostly farmers
Farmers faced loss of property and new taxes on farms
Congress and the army were weak and action was needed as anarchy was feared
Annapolis meeting did not achieve any results
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

8. Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia 1787
George Washington presided
Given power to fix the Articles
Came up with a new plan of government
55 delegates known as “the Framers”
Madison, Franklin, Hamilton…
Important figures NOT there
Jefferson, Adams, Paine…
Produced the Constitution

9. Negotiating Toward a Constitution
The Great Compromise:
A Two-Chamber (bicameral) Congress
The Virginia Plan
The New Jersey Plan
The Great Compromise
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

10. Negotiating Toward a Constitution
The North-South Compromise: The Issue of Slavery
North-South Compromise on economic issues
No taxing exports, but allowed taxing imports
Three-Fifths Compromise
Applied to both taxation and representation
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

11. Negotiating Toward a Constitution
A Strategy for Ratification
Would others share the writer’s views?
Designed a new ratification process
Must be approved in at least 9 state conventions
The Ratification Debate
Anti-Federalists
Federalists
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

12. Negotiating Toward a Constitution
The Framers’ Goals
Stronger national government
Preserve states as viable governments
Preserve liberties through checks and balances on power
Based on popular sovereignty
Restricted in uses of power
Give the people a voice in government
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

13. Protecting Liberty Grants and Denials of Power Grants of power
Article I, Section 8 for powers of Congress
Denials of power
Writs of habeas corpus
Ex post facto laws
Difficult to amend
Limited government
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

14. Protecting Liberty Using Power to Offset Power
Separation of powers
Federalist #10
“Mischiefs of faction”
Separated Institutions Sharing Power
Montesquieu-
Checks and Balances
Shared Legislative Powers
Shared Executive Powers
Shared Judicial Powers
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

15. Protecting Liberty The Bill of Rights
Existed in many state constitutions
Jefferson argued for a federal constitution
Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Precedent for court interpretation of the constitution
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

16. Providing for Self-Government
Democracy Versus Republic
Democracy
Republic
Representative Democracy
Trustees
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

17. Providing for Self-Government
Limited Popular Rule
House of Representatives–direct popular election
Senators–appointed by legislatures
Presidents–elected by Electoral College
Judges–nominated by President and confirmed by the Senate
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

18. Providing for Self-Government
Altering the Constitution
Jeffersonian Democracy: A Revolution of the Spirit
Jacksonian Democracy: Linking the People and the Presidency
Proposed that states should choose their electors by popular elections
The Progressives: Senate and Primary Election
More popular control:
Primary Elections
Initiative and referendum
Recall elections
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

26. States in the Nation
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.

27. States in the Nation
Presentation by Eric Miller, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas. Copyright © 2005 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher.