1. Columbian Exchange

2. Columbian Exchange: global transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and food as a result of European Exploration

3. Columbian Exchange
Global diffusion of biological goods (food, disease, animals, plants)
Began in the 1400s
Corn and potatoes were most important – cheap, easy to grow, highly nutritious

4. because new foods make people healthier
Population changes
Americas ↓
because diseases
Europe ↑
because new foods make people healthier

5. Atlantic Slave Trade
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6. Atlantic Slave Trade: the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

7. Why Africans?
Slavery had existed in Africa since the 600s when Muslims enslaved non-Muslims
Most Native Americans were killed by European diseases
Many Africans had immunity
Africans were unfamiliar with the Americas  less likely to escape or have allies.

9. By 1870 around 9.5 million Africans were imported to the Americas in bondage.
Majority of slaves worked on large sugar, tobacco, and coffee plantations.

10. Middle Passage: the middle leg of the Atlantic Slave Trade that brought Africans to the West Indies, and N+S America
Roughly 20% did not survive the journey (disease, cruel treatment, suicide).

15. Impact AMERICAS Colonies became profitable
African culture influenced many societies throughout the Americas.
AFRICA
Many societies lost entire generations of their healthiest people
Families were torn apart

16. William Wilberforce (1759-1833)
"God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the Slave Trade and the Reformation of manners [morals].” October 1787
Abolition of slave trade in England
Slave Trade Act 1807
(outlawed all British involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade)

17. Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Key player in campaign to end slavery
1789: wrote and published, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

18. Triangular Trade
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19. Triangular Trade: transatlantic trading route connecting Africa, Europe, and the Americas

20. Columbian Exchange + Atlantic Slave Trade = Triangular Trade