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Ch 14 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
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1 Surrounds the core and most of it is solid rock Core Crust Mantle
Lithosphere Aesthenosphere
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2 Outermost and thinnest zone of the earth that lies under the continents and ocean Core Crust Mantle Lithosphere Aesthenosphere
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3 The zone of hot, partly melted rock which can be deformed by heat and pressure allowing plate movement Core Crust Mantle Lithosphere Aesthenosphere
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4 Molten rock found within the earth’s mantle Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock
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5 Examples would include sandstone and limestone Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock
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6 Forms when pre-existing rock is exposed to high heat and pressure
Metamorphic rock Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock
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7 What type of formation would you expect to find at a divergent plate boundary in the ocean? I mid-ocean trench II volcanoes III oceanic ridges I only II only III only I and II II and III
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8 The San Andreas Fault line that lies in CA is the result of what type of plate boundary? Divergent plate boundary Transform fault Subduction zone Convergent plate boundary mid-oceanic fault line
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9 Convergent boundaries between two continental plates produce:
Mountain ranges Oceanic trenches Oceanic ridges Transform fault lines Subduction zones
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10 The weathering of rocks from wind, water, and thermal expansion is known as: Kinetic weathering Biological weathering External weathering Chemical weathering Physical weathering
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11 A rock that contains a large enough concentration of metal that it can be mined for economic value. A gem An ore A mineral Inorganic compounds Continental crust
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12 The new technology of in-situ mining using bacteria to extract lower grade ore is also known as: Biomining Bacterial degradation Economing Gauge reduction Microbial reduction
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13 Type of mineral extraction the is LEAST likely to disturb as much land area is: Open pit mining Mountain top removal Contour mining Strip mining Subsurface mining
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14 A form of water pollution coming from the rainwater carrying toxins out of mines and mine waste is known as: Thermal mine pollution Acid mine drainage Pit mine plumes Toxic mine shock Mercury poisoning
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15 A human health impact associated with subsurface mining would be:
Goiters Minimata disease Kwashiorkor Black lung disease marasmus
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16 One of the most commonly mined nonmetals used to make glass, bricks, and concrete is: Manganese Limestone Basalt Phosphate salts sand
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17 Which of the following concerning mining processes is NOT correct?
Mining processes accumulate a large amount of overburden that can eventually pollute waterways Health hazards, oil spills, and soil degradation are all side effects of mining Mining processes depend o the renewable resources found within the earth’s lithosphere The exploration, extraction, and transportation of the resources decreases the available net energy Mining resources are used in the construction of roads and buildings
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18 Depletion time: I time it takes to use up about 80% of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate. II changes when recycling programs are implemented III can be increased when technology allows for mining from new reserves I only II only I and II only I and III only I, II, and III
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19 Which of the following concerning smelting of ore is correct?
I it releases large amount of sulfur dioxide and suspended particulates II it is responsible for acid mine drainage into waterway systems III toxic chemicals such as cyanide are released from the smelting process I only II only III only I and II II and III
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20 Which of the following statements about harvesting minerals from the ocean is true? Resources harvested from continental shelf may increase the concentration of cyanobacteria in the water column It is economically feasible to harvest manganese modules from the ocean floor because they reform within one year Diamonds, bromine, and titanium can be economically harvested from black smokers The continental shelf is a source of sand, gravel, phosphates, and platinum Harvesting minerals from the oceans is cheaper than mining on and due to ease of separating most minerals from seawater
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21 All of the following are true of tsunamis EXCEPT
In deep water the waves are very far apart and the crests are shallow Can be detected by a series of buoys Can be caused by underwater earthquakes Land damage can be reduced by healthy mangrove and coral reef systems Also called tidal waves when they are created from tidal surges on an opposing coast
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22 Which of the following is the LEAST sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources Recycle all Al resources Reduce dependency on metal resources by using alternatives Increase subsidies for mining companies to lower prices for consumers Use the waste of mineral based operations for raw materials in other industries Upgrade current mineral manufacturing plants to reduce pollution and waste amounts
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23 Which of the following substitutes for mineral resources still requires a heavy use of oil and other fossil fuels? Ceramics Styrofoam Glass fiber optics Plastics Clay based products
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24 Earthquakes can cause damage upon release of vibration through the surrounding rock, called a(n): Epicenter Seismic waves Richter scales Amplitude Fault zone
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25 What process is LEAST dependent on the hydrologic cycle and the movement of water on the planet? Erosion Melting Weathering Transportation Deposition
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26 Cyanide salts and mercury are frequently used in ____ mining.
Silver Copper Gold Coal nickel
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27 When estimating the depletion time for a resource, which of the following factors leads to longer depletion time estimates? No recycling, finding a substitute, higher process Reduce consumption, higher prices, re-use of resources Recycling, reduced prices, finding new reserves Reduced consumption, improved mining techniques, no recycling Lower prices, new discoveries, substitute resources
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28 ___ is an example of a sedimentary rock Bituminous coal Slate Sand
Granite quartz
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