1. Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Science of Matter
Section 1.1
The Puzzle of Matter

3. Objectives Classify matter according to its composition
Distinguish among elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures
Relate the properties of matter to structure

4. Chemistry
Investigates and explains the structure, composition, and behavior of matter (how it is made and organized) It is the WHAT, HOW, and WHY of stuff

5. Composition and Behavior
But what is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. …and what is mass? Mass is the measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. Question: What is the SI unit for mass?

6. Properties describe the characteristics and behavior of matter
Properties of Matter
Properties describe the characteristics and behavior of matter
How do I determine the properties of matter?
Examine it
Manipulate it (burn it, dissolve it, mix it)
Take measurements

7. The Macroscopic View of Matter
Macro – prefix – what does it mean? If you can touch, feel, smell, taste or see it, you are viewing matter from a macroscopic perspective

8. The Submicroscopic View of Matter
Submicro – prefix – what do you think it means?
Submicroscopic
So small that you can’t see it with a powerful microscope!
You are “viewing” the world of atoms
No one has ever seen a single atom, but there is indirect evidence that supports its existence

9. Models in Chemistry
Give an example of how a model is used? A scientific model is a thinking device that helps you: 1) Understand and explain the observed behavior of matter 2) Predict behavior that has yet to be observed Must be supported by experiments

10. Models in Chemistry
What do the football team, school choir, chemistry class, and U.S. Congress have in common? All composed of people. In the same way aspirin and sucrose have the same kinds of atoms.

11. Classifying Matter
QUALITATIVE: Observation without measurement Ex: Strong girl, blue dress, Tall man QUANITATIVE: Observation with measurements Ex: 100 lbs., 5 dresses, Man is 6 ft. tall

12. Pure substance or a mixture?
PURE SUBSTANCE: Matter that has the same fixed composition and properties (element or compound)
MIXTURE: Combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity if each substance is not changed - composition is variable

13. Pure Substances
ELEMENTS: Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (simplest form of matter)
There are ~117 elements, 92 occur naturally on Earth
COMPOUNDS: Chemical combinations of two or more elements, joined together in fixed proportions with a unique set of properties

14. Mixtures
Can be separated through physical processes – name a phsyical process
PHYSICAL CHANGE: A change in matter that does not involve a change in the identity of the individual substances
Examples: freezing, melting, evaporating, cutting
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: characteristics matter exhibits without any change in its identity
Examples: solubility, melting point, density

15. Mixtures
2 Types of mixtures: Heterogeneous: a mixture with different compositions Has clear and distinct regions, called phases. Homogeneous: a mixture that is the same throughout (constant composition) also called a SOLUTION Solutions can have water, gases, solids

16. Ex: Stainless Steel (Fe, Cr, Ni), Brass (Cu and Zn)
Mixtures (cont)
ALLOYS: solid solutions that contain metals and sometimes nonmetals. No water!
Ex: Stainless Steel (Fe, Cr, Ni), Brass (Cu and Zn)

17. Mixtures (Cont) Aqueous solutions: Contain water. Solute:
The substance that is dissolved.
Solvent:
The substance that dissolves the solute.
Example:
In Kool-Aid what is the solute and what is the solvent?

18. Graphic Organizer
Draw on board

19. Graphic Organizer

20. Organizing elements
Periodic table organizes elements and provides chemical information.
Periodic tables in textbook on p , back cover.
Chemical symbols are universal shorthand- 1 or 2 letter symbols.
Ex: O (oxygen) -corresponds to English name
Cu (copper)- corresponds to Latin name (cuprum)

21. Compounds More than 10 million compounds (Common compounds on p. 30)
FORMULA: Combination of chemical symbols that shows which elements and how many make up a compound
Ex: H2O (water), C12H22O11 (Sucrose)

22. Group Activity: Pure vs. Compound Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
Grouping/Sorting Matter Activity
Sugar and Sand
Salt and Water
Sulfur (S)
Stainless Steel
Milk
Spaghetti and meatballs

23. Activity
Organize the matter from the list below into 2 categories~ PURE and MIXTURE
  Granola Dihydrogen Monoxide
Sugar Uranium
Sterling Silver Ink
Air Natural Gas
Diamonds Bronze

24. Activity
Now…
Separate your PURE matter into elements and compounds.

25. Activity
NOW…
Separate your MIXED matter into homogeneous and heterogeneous.