1. Chart Perspectives Spanish Account of the Aztecs
Aztec Account of the Spanish
French viewpoint on slavery
African Viewpoint on slavery
Compare and Contrast
How do the Spanish view the Aztec city?
What is the Aztec’s initial view of the Spanish?
How do the French justify slavery?
Religion:
Economic:
Political:
How did Olaudah Equino describe Europeans?
How do the Spanish view the Aztec religion?
How does this viewpoint change?
How does Equino describe the slave trade?
Generalizations
How did Europeans view non-Europeans (indigenous groups)?
How did indigenous groups view Europeans/ European institutions (slavery)?

2. Two Viewpoints of the Treatment of Indians
Juan de Solorzano y Pereyra
Bartolome de las Casas
For Juan de Solorzano, what ‘good’ outweighs the harsh treatment of the Indians? What other justifications does he find for their treatment?
2. According to Las Casas, what has happened to the native population of the Caribbean islands? 3. How does Las Casas reveal his bias against the Spanish treatment of the native peoples? What words or phrases does he use to describe them?
Drawing Conclusions: 4.
How to Examine Sources:
Read the Source
Analyze the Source
Draw a conclusion
Use your information to help support your argument

3. Columbus’ Journal
What conclusions can we draw from Columbus’s journal?
1. From Columbus’s observations concerning the natives what predictions can you make about how the Europeans will treat the natives? Include 3 pieces of supporting evidence….
Hypothesis:

4. Question – What would happen if an Alien civilization made contact with our civilization?

5. Indigenous Groups Encountered by Europeans

6. The Americas Aztecs (central America)
Conquers neighboring groups starting in the early 1400s
Builds Tenochtitlan, capital city of empire
(10th largest city in the world at the time)
Slave owning, religiously unified, warrior state

7. Tenochtitlan

9. Chinampa
Rectangle-shaped areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico.

10. Spain vs. Aztecs

11. The Americas Incas (southern America –Peru)
Begins expanding in 1440s but in disarray by early 1500s due to civil war
Very good communication system (unsurpassed in the world until US postal service)

12. Machu Picchu

13. The Americas Mayans (central America - Yucatan peninsula, Mexico)
Creates the only known written language in the Americas, and exhibit an understanding of mathematical and astronomical systems.
In severe decline before first contact with Europeans but remnants remain to resist European advancements

14. The Americas North American Groups
Smaller groups/ tribes but in some places alliance systems create powerful Native groups that demand tribute from less powerful groups.
Examples: Iroquois were a group of 5 nations, that was composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca nations.

15. Warm up - The Aztec Empire
What were your first impressions of the Aztec culture and the Aztec Empire?
(what were you impressed with, what were surprised by, etc.)
2. How do you think the Spanish viewed the Aztecs? What could you use as Evidence for your statement?

16. Africa
Mostly small African States / city states with northern Africa dominated by Muslim nations
Slave trade causes new states to rise in power and destroys others
Asante (un SAHN teh) Kingdom and Oyo empire become wealthy through slave trade (1600s – 1700s)
Coastal cities dominate trade between Europeans and Africans from the interior

17. Asia
India and the Middle East – small states in the south, Mughal Empire dominating most of India (1600s – 1700s)
China – Ming Empire defeated by the Manchus and establish Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1800s)
Korea and Japan (strong centralized government) islands isolate themselves from Europeans

18. Japanese Himeji Castle: an example of 17th century Japanese architecture

19. Identify Locations of Indigenous Groups
Incas
Aztecs
Mayans
China
Asante
Iroquois
Japanese
India

20. Identify Locations of Indigenous Groups

21. Warm Up (a)
What are the four steps to critically examining a source? (list)
What are some of the ways that European Exploration changed the world?
What do you think is the most important of these changes?

22. Warm Up (b)
What were some of the effects of European Exploration on Europeans? (review your notes)
What is a colony?
What European colonies are you familiar with?

23. Long Term Effects of Exploration
Colonies: Permanent settlements – land under the immediate control of another country
*Some Europeans referred to this as ‘planting’ (meaning planting people… rather than crops)

24. EX: North American Colonies
New France –
Small settlements 1st established by fur traders and missionaries. Very slow growth (Canada is cold)
Products – Furs, Fish
New England –
Plymouth (1620) and Massachusetts Bay Company
Fast growing population, close communities
Products – Fish, Timber (shipbuilding), whaling
Middle/ Southern Colonies – Jamestown, VA (1607)
First colonies very hard (the starving time) ->Large plantations
Products – Farming - Tobacco, Indigo (a dye), Rice = cash crops
France
Great
Britain

25. Colonies

26. Terms
Missionaries:
Compact:
Examples of modern compacts?
Plantations:

27. France and England Clash
Competition over land and resources = Conflict
The French & Indian War
British Win… gain dominance over North America

28. Long Term Effects of Exploration
2. Economic Trade Routes develop
Ex: Triangle Trade Route
Transatlantic trade from 16th -18th century. Exchange of goods
Effects:
Population movement
African kingdoms lose population and increase in American population
Wealth
Europeans gained great wealth from the exchange of raw materials, for finished products for slaves

29. Long Term Effects of Exploration
3. Development of Capitalism and Mercantilism
Capitalism - economic system based on ownership of private businesses
Investors funded new businesses in exchange for a share of the profits
EX: The Dutch East India Company
Mercantilism – How Europe gets rich from their colonies (export more than you import)
Colonies existed for 2 main reasons
To produce raw materials for Europe
To buy finished goods made in Europe
*Keep it all in the family - only trade with the your colonies (English colonies only trade with England on English ships)
Investors raised $ for Spice exploration
($1000)
Captains sailed to Spice Islands, bought spices ($1/lb), sold spices back to Europe ($9/lb)
Investor get $ back ($1000) plus dividends ($3000)

30. Warm Up Questions Define indigenous
What indigenous groups did Europeans come into contact with in the Americas?
What are some cultural characteristics of each of these groups?