1. The Management of Change PARC Lasallian Institute
Dr. Carmelita I. Quebengco AFSC

2. - Robert L. Ringel Purdue University
“great change dominates the world, and unless we move with change, we will become its victims”
- Robert L. Ringel
Purdue University

3. “change or be changed…”
“The solution is not to suppress change which can’t be done, but to manage it”
- Alvin Toffler

4. “It is important to maintain a balance between continuity and change”

5. What is change management?
“change management is proactively managing the people side of change to achieve the desired results”
“…it is the people side of project/program management”
“Research shows that change management is the No. 1 success factor for project teams”
- Prosci Change Management

6. Why do we need change management?
Manage employee resistance to change
Build change competency into the school
Increase the probability of project/program success

7. What are the forces that may necessitate change?
Requirements of law/government agencies
Competitor activity, i.e. decrease in enrollment
Financial results, i.e. decrease in revenues/funding support
Quality indicators, i.e. decrease in student achievement
Unfavorable client feedback
Employee dissatisfaction
Unfavorable benchmarking results

8. Types of Change Organizational re-structuring Info-tech system upgrade
Expansion or downsizing
New ventures, i.e. industry-academe linkages
Overhaul of marketing strategies
Job re-design – personnel development
New educational process design, i.e. transformative learning, student-centered learning, etc.
Other changes that directly impact students

9. Enduring Principles of Effective Change Management 1/
First Law: Overcoming natural inertia in an organization requires the constant application of forces for change
Second Law: The greater the inertia/ resistance to change, the greater the required forces for change
Third Law: The way the change agents treat resisters is the way resisters will treat change agents
1/ Change Management Principles, Business Performance Pty. Ltd.

10. The Transition Curve 2/ 2/ Clive Anderson and Marianne Sheppard
The Three Phases of Transition E
ndings
Neutral Zone
New Beginnings
Denial
Shock
Fear
Anger
Blame
Confusion
Frustration
Fear
Realization of loss
Hope
Skepticism
Impatience
Acceptance
Excitement
Optimism
Discovery
Creativity
2/ Clive Anderson and Marianne Sheppard

11. Seven Propositions for Successful Change 3/
Change is learning – loaded with uncertainty
Change is a journey, not a blueprint
Problems are our friends
Change is resource-hungry
Change requires the power to manage it
Change is systemic
All large-scale change is implemented locally (Fullan & Miles, 1992)
3/ North Central Regional Educational Laboratory

12. Prior to planning, it is important to have an over-all realistic assessment of the situation within which change is to be implemented 4/
4/ Don Dippo, York University, Canada

13. Do teachers… Want this change? Have to change? Understand the change?
Have time to learn and practice the change in a safe setting?
Have the needed materials?
Have support or pressure from somewhere?

14. Have support or pressure from peers?
Intuitively value the change? (meaning? fulfillment?)
See that everybody has to do it too?
Get a sincere reward for doing it?

15. Stacey’s Agreement v Certainty Matrix
Complexity Theory 2/
Stacey’s Agreement v Certainty Matrix

16. Essential activities for successful change
Establish a sense of urgency
Form a powerful guiding coalition
Create a vision/agree on goals and objectives
Empower others to act
Clarify roles (work to be done, accountabilities)
Build skills and systems
Operationalize the new environment

17. Determine at what phase the school is by answering the following questions… 5/
5/ Adapted from Change Management Model: The Change Approach

18. Create Urgency Harness Support
Is there a clear and compelling reason for adopting this change?
Is this change related to and supportive of the mission-vision of the school
Is it clear how, when and where this change will happen?
Is the objective data needed available to convince the skeptics?
Do people feel the urgency to change?
Create
Urgency
Who are the stakeholders in this change?
What are the motivators for each stakeholder?
Does the senior executive team support this change?
Has a communication plan been developed?
Are all stakeholders engaged in the change process?
Harness
Support

19. Articulate Goals Nominate Roles
Do stakeholders take ownership of the vision and goals?
Are change goals SMART goals?
Are people involved in devolving the goals to lower levels of the organization?
Are implementation plans in place supporting attainment of goals?
Are performance measurement and reporting systems set up?
Articulate
Goals
Are change management and new operational accountabilities clear?
Are the right people selected for the right roles?
Do people with responsibilities have the necessary skills?
Are project management principles and methods being used?
Is the proportion of goal and task assignment appropriate?
Nominate
Roles

20. Grow Capability Entrench
Is the training plan sufficiently scoped and adequately resourced?
Are teams being developed and supported for high performance?
Is support in place ensuring transfer of training to the work place?
Is there a focus on soft skills an technical skills?
Do information, human resource and other systems support the new operational environment?
Grow
Capability
Are performance results reported and successes celebrated?
Is planning sufficient to ensure some quick wins?
Are remuneration, rewards, and recruitment systems aligned with the change objectives?
Are new meanings provided through creating work place symbols?
Do leaders lead by example?
Entrench
Changes

21. Lewin’s Change Management Model
Unfreeze
Change
Re-freeze

22. Practical Steps for Using the Framework
Unfreeze
Determine what needs to change
Survey the organization to understand the current state
Understand why change has to take place
Ensure there is strong support from upper management
Use Stakeholder Analysis and Stakeholder management to identify and win the support of key people within the organization
Frame the issue as one of organization-wide importance

23. Create the need for change
Create a compelling message as to why change has to occur
Use your vision and strategy as supporting evidence
Communicate the vision in terms of the change required
Emphasize the “why”
Manage and understand the doubts and concerns
Remain open to employee concerns and address in terms of the need to change

24. Change Communicate often Dispel rumors
Do so throughout the planning and implementation of the changes
Describe the benefits
Explain exactly how the changes will affect everyone
Dispel rumors
Answer questions openly and honestly
Deal with problems immediately
Relate the need for change back to operational necessities

25. Involve people in the process
Empower action
Provide plenty of options for employee involvement
Have line managers provide day-to-day direction
Involve people in the process
Generate short-term successes to reinforce the change
Negotiate with external stakeholders as necessary (such as employee organizations)

26. Re-Freeze Anchor the changes into the culture
Identify what supports the change
Identify barriers to sustaining change
Develop ways to sustain the change
Ensure leadership support
Create a reward system
Establish feedback systems
Adapt the organizational structure as necessary

27. Provide support and training Celebrate success!
Keep everyone informed and supported
Celebrate success!

28. Alternative Change Model 4/
Make decision to act
Back up decision with rationale
Prepare a communication strategy to share the changed vision with stakeholders
Prepare goals and milestones
Establish accountability and programmatic evaluation
Review and revise goals and milestones
Provide rewards and celebration

29. Alternative Change Model 6/
Create a shared vision
Identify the sequence of activities necessary to realize the vision
Establish the benchmarks to be used to mark progress
Formalize timelines
Assign responsibilities
Guide resource allocation
6/ JT Waters and FD Cordell, System Change Planning

30. Adoption of Change 2/ 8. Internalization Adaption
Degree of Support for the Change
Time
Awareness
Interest
Trial
Adaption
8. Internalization
7. Institutionalization 6.
5. Installation
4. Positive Perception
3. Understanding the Change
2. Awareness of Change
1. Contact
Unawareness
Confusion
Negative
Perception
Decision Not to
Attempt/Support
Installation
Change Aborted
After Initial
Utilization
After Extensive

31. Team Development Phases 1/
FormingStormingNormingPerforming
Fundamental questions to ask:
Why are we here?
What stage are we at?
What are our objectives?
What is our game plan?
What do others expect of us?
What resources and skills do
we need?
What will be our rewards?

32. Stages of Concern 7/ Management Time, Materials, Org’n
Refocusing Know Something Better
Collaboration Working with Others
(peers)
4 Consequence How Affecting Clients
Management Time, Materials, Org’n
Personal How Will It Affect Me?
Informational Like to Know More
0 Awareness Not Concerned
7/ Gene Hall, University of Florida

33. Commitment Charting Worksheet 8/
8/ ESD Toolkit

34. Team Success Factors: Clear, accepted goals Appropriate motivation
Authority EQ
Skills

35. Goal Setting 1/
Invite and encourage stakeholders to participate in discussions and decision-making
Make the goals define the success criteria
Plan backwards
Ask the following assessment questions:
Are they SMART goals (Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant, Timeframed)

36. Are they balance? (goals for each dimension – finance, process, employees concerned, information system, beneficiaries)
Are they broken down into manageable chunks? (team goals, department goals, school goals)
Have you communicated them to all concerned?
Have you set a baseline from which to compare future performance?

37. Examples of SMART Goals:
By 2011, 20% of mainstream students in the school will be on a 100% financial aid scholarship.
By 2014, the full-integration of the Lasallian Guiding Principles of Education (LGPE) will be completed and implemented in all the subjects of the academic program.
By 2012, all teachers will have completed the 3-phase training on the integration and implementation of the LGPE in all the subjects they teach

38. Change Program Roles
Identification of change management responsibilities of those concerned:
Change Driver
Top level line administrators
The principal cause and motivator of change
Mid-level line administrators and teachers
Change Implementors
Manages and performs
tasks to bring about change
Change Enablers
Mid-level staff administrators
Sets up environment so change can happen
Change Recipients
Teachers, Students
Expected to behave differently in a changed organization

39. Change Program Roles 8/

40. Change Program Training Plan
Focus on what learners will be required to do differently in the workplace
Alert learners on what they are to be expected to do at the end of the program
Make the training practical – develop skills, rehearse change in behavior
Provide coaching in the actual workplace
Provide on the job aids

41. Ensure immediate support from administration
Integrate training with workplace practice (never send a changed personnel in an unchanged workplace)
Identify soft skills needed for success such as effective communication, conflict resolution, teamwork, leadership, etc.

42. Ask the following question to assess the appropriateness and adequacy of the training program:
Are all those concerned included?
Does it address the 5 key requirements for successful training?
Right learners
Right learning
Right method
Right time
Right environment
How comprehensive is the training plan?
Are resources adequate?

43. Sample Worksheet Action Plan 1/

44. Transformation and change will require a movement 9/ :
From rewarding good intentions to rewarding performance results
From a system where people follow rules to one in which people chase a sense of purpose
From a system of territorial service monopolies to one of choice among competing providers
9/ Nelson, N.W., June 2007

45. From control over inputs to accountability for outcomes
From an organization steeped in bureaucracy to one challenged by the imperatives of service
From an ethic of distrust to a culture of high expectation

46. 13 Tips for Managing Change 10/
Educate the leaders of change, including both administrators and teachers
Use a “systems” approach to ensure that all aspects of the school organization are considered when planning and implementing change
Use a team approach that
involves many stakeholders
in the change process
10/ Dennis Sparks, National Staff Development Council

47. Share power with teachers and others to encourage the implementation of the change efforts
Make plans, but “hold your plans loosely.” Develop plans, but know that they will have to be adapted to change as needs change

48. Realize that there is a tension between establishing readiness for change and the need to get people implementing the new approaches quickly. While getting people intellectually ready for change is something to be considered, it should not take so much time and effort that people lose interest and motivation

49. Provide considerable amounts of training and staff development for those involved. These activities can include everything from holding study groups to “on-the-dash” coaching.
Choose innovative practices for and with teachers that are research-based and “classroom friendly.” Picking approaches that have been used or researched can help the implementation of those approaches.

50. Recognize that change happens only through people
Recognize that change happens only through people. The emotional effects of change on educators need to be considered and understood by all involved in the changes process. Understanding resistance and working with is key.
Be prepared for “Implementation dip.” Fullan (1993) and others note that things often get worse temporarily before improvement begins to appear.

51. Help educators and others develop an “intellectual understanding” of the new practices. While the outcomes are important to assess, people also need to understand the underlying meanings and functions of the practices.
Seek out “paradigm shifters” and “Idea champions” who are interested in making substantial changes in practice.

52. Take the long view; realize that change takes time and should not be forced to occur too quickly

53. The 5Cs – Strategies for Success
Core – clarify purpose, roles, and direction of service
Client – put the one to be served in the driver’s seat
Consequences – pay the price in partnerships and resources
Control – focus on results… empower, decentralize, collaborate
Culture – appropriate change in mind set, expectations, habits

54. Question:
Given the nature of your project, the culture of your organization, and where the project will be implemented,
what problems or difficulties do you anticipate?
How do you propose to address each of them?