1. welcome

2. Domestic Abuse and Violence against Women Awareness Raising
Trainers:-
Kerry Herriott - Development Officer Domestic Abuse and
Violence Against Women Partnership
Beth Mitchell - Child Protection Officer, Social
Work Services

3. Emergency Arrangements Mobile Phones Self Care: Emotive Warning
Housekeeping
Emergency Arrangements
Mobile Phones
Self Care: Emotive Warning
Toilets, Fire exit, fire alarm test, mobile phones off or on silent.
Child protection can be an emotive subject. If you find anything discussed distressing/upsetting and wish to leave this session please do not leave the building. The trainer will source you to identify if you require further support.

4. Ground Rules Listen without interruption
Have respect for the feelings, experiences and values of others
Respect confidentiality
Be responsible for your own learning
Ask group to form their own over a couple of minutes. Show this slide.

5. Learning Objectives by the end of this course you will:-
Understand the nature and context of domestic abuse
Understand the impact of domestic abuse on the safety and welfare of children
Understand domestic abuse and how this can impact on parenting capacity
Have an awareness of local services to support women who have suffered domestic abuse
Have an awareness of local services available to children who have experienced domestic abuse

6. Activity 1 What is Domestic Abuse?
Using a flip chart ask the group to identify and define what they consider domestic abuse is or ins small groups using cards, place the cards in categories ‘abusive’ ‘not abusive’ or ‘not sure’

7. The National Strategy to Address Domestic Abuse in Scotland
Domestic abuse ( as gender-based abuse) can be perpetrated by partners or ex-partners and can include
Physical abuse - assault and physical attack involving a range of behaviour
Sexual abuse - acts which degrade and humiliate women and are perpetrated against their will, including rape
Mental and emotional abuse - such as threats, verbal abuse, racial abuse, withholding money and other types of controlling behaviour such as isolation from family or friends
The National Strategy to Address Domestic Abuse in Scotland contains the following definition of domestic abuse

8. What is gender-based violence?
“Violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman, or violence that affects women disproportionately. It includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion and other deprivations of liberty.” (United Nations)
Honour killings
Forced marriages
Female genital mutilation
Child trafficking
Child marriages

9. It encompasses Domestic abuse Rape
Sexual harassment and intimidation at work and in the public sphere
Commercial sexual exploitation
Prostitution and trafficking
Child sexual abuse
Dowry related violence
Female genital mutilation
Forced and child marriages
Honour crimes
Children are witness to and subjected to much of this abuse and there is a correlation between domestic abuse and the mental, physical and sexual abuse of children
Domestic abuse occurs in all social groups, is not caused by stress, unemployment, poverty, alcohol or menatl illness, nor by the women who experience the abuse

10. The context of Domestic Abuse
A HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE !
This section of the presentation sets the context of domestic abuse within gender and social inequality and imbalance of power and looks at a timeline from the 1600’s to the present day

11. 1600 There were special crimes and punishments for women only
Women found guilty of gossiping and quarrelling were forced to stand in public with a “branks” over their head
A “branks” was made out of metal and had a mouth piece to hold down the tongue, keep the mouth open and keep the woman silent
A “branks” was made out of metal and had a mouth piece to hold down the tongue, keep the mouth open and keep the woman silent

12. 1782
Judge Buller ruled that a man could beat his with a stick as long as it was not thicker than his thumb.
It was considered acceptable at this time that men would need to use violence to control and punish their wives
The group may be aware of the saying “rule of thumb” this is the origin of this saying and it is interesting to note that it has become integrated into a normal part of our language

13. 1800
Before a woman married, her father or nearest male relative would make decisions for her until she reached the age of 21
When she married, her husband made decisions for her
A woman’s husband owned all her possessions up until 1870

14. 1878
Women for the first time are ‘allowed’ to study for university degrees.
This ‘privilege’ did not extend to the working classes

15. 1909
Women, known as suffragettes, who had been campaigning for the right to vote for almost thirty years, began to take militant direct action
Many went to jail for their actions
Some went on hunger strike and were force-fed

16. 1919
Nancy Astor became the first woman MP to take up her seat in the House of Commons.
She was elected at a by- election

17. 1928 All women over the age of 21 are able to vote
Women struggled for almost 100 years for the right to vote at political elections

18. 1970s
The first refuges for women experiencing domestic violence were opened in Scotland and England

19. 1989 Rape within marriage was recognised as a crime in Scotland
The law was changed in England and Wales in 1991

20. 1993
The first Zero Tolerance campaign was launched by the Women’s Committee of Edinburgh District Council
It was taken up the local authorities across the UK
Violence against women became a policy priority of the Scottish Parliament, established 1999

21. ACTIVITY 2 GENDER STEREOYPING
Using 2 sheets of flipchart paper headed ’men are’ and ‘women are’ ask the group to call out what they would consider stereotype descriptions of men and women – this exercise is to enable participants to make the difference between biological ( sex) and social programming/construct ( gender)

22. Definition sex Refers to biological characteristics
The system of reproductions which distinguish the human species as male or female
It does not determine differences in behaviour status or qualities
These are ascribed by the social situations in which men and women live
What you are

23. Definition Gender Gender ascriptions are learned
They determine how we are perceived and how we are expected to act
It determines how we are expected to act
It determines how we order societies
Who you are

24. Coffee Break

25. Some Statistics
In the context of domestic abuse, 40 to 60 percent of children and young people are also physically abused by the perpetrator (Mullender & Morley ( Eds), 1995)
Inquiries into child killings in the UK indicate a context of domestic abuse in a large proportion of cases in which children have died as a result of physical abuse ((O’Hara, 1994 UK)
These issues are particularly important when we think about child contact
The best way to protect children is to support the non abusing parent
National statistics
Local statistics
Findings from GIRFEC Domestic Abuse Pathfinder

26. The majority of children can describe incidents of domestic abuse in detail (Jaffe et al 1990)
Children are in the same or next room in 90% of cases ( Hughes 1992)
Women who experience violence have a 50% higher incidence of miscarriage ( Mooney 1993)

27. (from Pathfinder – based on Police Statistics
2007
2008
2009
TOTAL NUMBER OF DOMESTIC ABUSE (DA) INCIDENTS
1241
1146
1175
TOTAL NUMBER INCLUDING CHILDREN
649
609
629
TOTAL NUMBER EXCLUDING CHILDREN
592
537
546
TOTAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN INVOLVED IN DA INCIDENTS
1131
1027
1061
TOTAL NUMBER DA INCIDENTS BY AREA
2007
2008
2009
NITHSDALE
607
525
549
ANNANDALE & ESKDALE
278
319
270
STEWARTRY
103 95
107
STRANRAER
250
191
223

28. GENDER
2007
2008
2009
MALE PERPETRATOR, FEMALE VICTIM
1077
996
1008
FEMALE PERPETRATOR, MALE VICTIM
159
140
149
FEMALE PERPETRATOR, FEMALE VICTIM 1 4 5
MALE PERPETRATOR, MALE VICTIM 6 13

29. Impact of Domestic Abuse on parenting
Activity 3
Gaining Power and Control
Using Scottish Women’s Aid training Toolkit Folder 2 activity 4 page 53 – 58 participants will be divided into small groups and will be asked to draw a profile of a mother experiencing domestic abuse by looking at different aspects of her life. The small groups will be given pre prepared flip chart sheets with different headings from the following list
Isolation
Disability/exhaustion
Degradation
Threats
Displays of total power
Enforcing trivial demands
Occasional indulgences
Distorted perspectives
Using children to control women
Making/forcing children to punish/abuse/control the woman by………
Allowing time for discussion and drawing out points on the systematic and planned nature of domestic abuse, how children can be involved by the perpetrator
How the experience can impinge on the woman’s decision making and the strength needed to free themselves

30. “ why doesn’t she just leave?”
Isolation
Disability & Exhaustion
Degradation and Humiliation
Threats
Displays of Total Power
Enforcing Trivial Demands
Occasional Indulgences
Distorted Perspectives
Isolation – locks you in the house, isolated from family and friends, makes you move away from your family, you avoid company because he humiliates you/makes things awkward for you /humiliates your friends
Disability and exhaustion – physically beats and hurts you, permanently injured by violence, deprives you of sleep, you are hyper-vigilant, walking on eggshells – responding to his ever changing demands
Degradation and humiliation – humiliates you in public, forces/chooses/refuses clothes and shoes, makes children humiliate you, makes you take part in degrading sex acts with him/others
Threats – says he will maim/kill you if you ever leave/kill children, tells you he will get another women if you don’t do what he wants, will make sure your children are taken into care
Displays of total power – keeps you locked up, takes all your money, takes away clothes & shoes, forces you to work in prostitution
Enforces trivial demands – meals have to be exactly time he says, has to have clothes washed/ironed/folded in a certain way, decides what you watch on TV
Occasional indulgences – buys you a present, cooks you meal, tells you you’re attractive/needs you/loves you, lets you go out with your friends
Distorted perspectives – you begin to believe that you are stupid/deserve it/ are to blame because you can’t do anything right/don’t keep children quiet/aren’t a good cook/can’t manage money, it’s only verbal – not that bad, it’s only when he’s drunk

31. Consequences of Violence Against Women
Goes far beyond immediate physical damage
Erodes women’s self-esteem
Inhibits her ability to defend herself/take action against the abuser
Health implications – physical and mental
Repercussions echo through family and society
Highlight some of the consequences for women. These can include:-
Health – long term mental and physical health problems. Women who experience abuse may be more likely to misuse drugs and or alcohol as a way of coping
For 255 of women, the first time they experience abuse is during pregnancy – it is the biggest cause of problems and foetal morbidity – including pre- eclampsia
Society – services including criminal justice, health, social work, housing. Loss to the economy due to time off work
Under reporting – all forms of Violence against women are characteristically under-reported: feelings of shame, fear, scepticism, disbelief, further violence
Definitions of abuse vary in different countries, often there is no reporting mechanism
The failure to investigate and expose the extent of VAW allows Governments, agencies, families and communities to ignore their repsonsibilities

32. Activity 4 “Daddy be good”
The group will be shown the DVD ‘Daddy be good’. The DVD can be stopped at several points to emphasise learning points
This DVD will allow trainers to reinforce the link between domestic abuse and child protection – physical , sexual and emotional abuse, extremes of child homicide, increased risks during pregnancy and when the woman decides to leave

33. How children respond to Domestic Abuse
Increased aggression
School problems
Anxiety
Grief
Insomnia
Mental Health problems, psychological and/or behavioural difficulties
Loss of confidence
1/3 of children try to intervene during attacks on their mother
Children over the age of 5 years regularly call the police during an incident to seek help for their mother
Studies have found that 40% of young women became homeless due to Sexual Abuse from a family member and that over 60% of them had also experienced Domestic Abuse
Some North American studies have noted links between Domestic Abuse and forms of both physical and learning disabilities in children

34. What to do if you are concerned about a child
Know who to report to in your own agency if you have
concerns about a child
Seek advice from the police
tel. no
In an emergency always dial 999
Seek advice from Social Work Services
tel. no
Out of Hours Social Work –
Don’t delay

35. Local support services for children and women who have experienced Domestic Abuse
Women’s Aid :Dumfriesshire and Stewartry Women’s Aid hr on –call
Wigtownshire Women’s Aid
South West Rape Crisis & Sexual Abuse Centre –
Men’s Advice Line –
For perpetrators RESPECT –

36. Activity 5
Quiz
10 questions to evaluate the impact of the training/learning from the training – prizes all round

37. For your participation Thank you Evaluation questionnaire
Certificate of attendance
Power point can be sent by e mail – participants who would like the power point should leave their e mail details on the registration sheet