1. Chapter 1 Bell Work Grab textbook, Nystrom atlas and folders
Pick up Unit 1 Checklist and outline map
Fill out Ch. 1 on outline map w/colored pencils
  “You may only be someone in the world, but to someone else, you may be the world.”

2. Map Concepts: pg.10 Compass Rose Map Legend- Scale
directional indicator that shows the Cardinal Directions on a map
Cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.
Map Legend-
Or KEY, tells reader about the symbols used in that map
Example: Page 10; what do red lines mean?
Black crossed lines?
Scale
Tells the reader about the size of a map in relation to the size of the real world.
Which map on page 10 shows a more detailed map?
The one on the right b/c the mile scale is smaller.

3. Map Concepts: pg.10 Map Types (3)
Physical: Shows physical features like mountains, rivers, lakes of an area
Political- shows political features, things determined by people! State/nat’l boundaries
What is capital of Iran of pg. 14
Special purpose: designed to show specific data; labeled what they show

4. Map Concepts: pg.10 Hemispheres: means half of a sphere
When divided along the equator the earth is split into two? What would they be called?
North/South Hemispheres
When divided along the Prime meridian what would they be called?
East/West Hemispheres

5. Map Types
Political
Physical
Political
Physical
Back

6. Back Special Purpose What is this a map of?
Climate map
Where is a majority of the Temperate?
Southeast
What does the dark red represent?
Equatorial
Back

7. Latitude/Longitude Latitude Longitude
Also called parallels bc they run parallel to the equator
Run east to west, measured north and south
Longitude
Also called meridians; run from pole to pole
Run north to south, measured east to west

8. Anchor Work Get Worksheets Finish as much as can!
With your 9 o’clock partners begin working on them for tomorrow
When finished or with a minute to go in class make sure to load them up in your folders and put everything back neatly!!
Have a great day! Be diligent
Finish as much as can!

9. Bell Work: Brinnnnggg, Bringggg
Get books, folders
Sit w/3 o’clock partners
Every group to come back to me w/the 3 CORRECT answers the 1st time gets a prize!!
Using the text pages 16,17, and 22 Answer
7 North, 2 East
60 north, 11 East
42 north, 19 east
Lome, Togo
Oslo, Norway
Tirane, Albania

10. GEOGRAPHY
What is it?
Study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other
Technology: Read/define these 4 concepts from pages 35-37
Sonar
Remote Sensing
GPS
GIS

11. Technology Sonar Remote sensing (satellites)
Analyzes sound to determine distance/directions. Used to study ocean floor
Remote sensing (satellites)
Compares older/newer images of regions to identify changes in land use, vegetation, growth
GPS: Global positioning system
Uses satellites to broadcast accurate time measurements on distance and location
GIS: Geographic Information systems
Computer technology to solve geographic problems
Like where to put a nuclear power site b/c it could show what type of area could handle it

12. 5 Themes of Geography
5 Important ?’s that geographers use to help them organize info about the world
Location: 2 types
Absolute: exact position of a place
Latitude and Longitude
Relative: Location of a place described by its relation to another place
Example
Grand Island is around 100 miles west of Lincoln as the next major city west near the Platte river

13. 5 Major Themes of Geography
5 Important ?’s that geographers use to help them organize info about the world
Place: consists of a places physical and human characteristics (2 types)
Helps geographers show the distinctness and similarity of one place to another
Physical: every place has unique physical aspects like landforms, ecosystems, and climate to help separation from other places
Human Characteristics: How many people live, work, or visit there? What are languages, customs, beliefs? How are they governed? How does their economy work?

14. Lesson Closing Tying in the 1st 2 themes of Geography
w/6 o’clock partners
Cut out picture of magazine article (nat’l geog. In back)
Find 2 pictures and list each thing for their location and their place
Example: if I found a picture of chimney rock
I could give its absolute and relative location
I could give a physical and human characteristic of the place
Will need to explain tomorrow

15. Bell Work Get Books and folders Answer questions
What is the absolute and relative location of Denver and Detroit?
What are 2 of 4 ?s geographers ask for Human characteristics?
What are the two characteristics of a place?
What are the two types of location?

16. Themes of Geography Review
Location: Has both absolute (lat/long.) and relative
Place: consists of a places physical/human characteristics

17. Themes of Geography Regions: (3 types)
Group of places w/at least one common characteristic
Can be determined by physical/human characteristics
Or by people’s perception
Formal: certain characteristics found throughout area
Ex: states, countries, cities all political regions, cornbelt
Functional: consists of a central place and the surrounding areas effected by it
Amazon drainage basin: drained by Amazon river so it effects the entire regions rivers and tributaries
Perceptual: defined by people’s feelings/attitudes towards an area
U.S. regions like upper midwest and middle states
Mexico is another b/c they are part of N. America but often linked w/ S.America b/c of their similar culture/norms

18. Themes of Geography
Movement: b/c places have different characteristics;
people, places, goods, and ideas will move between them
Read movement section on pg.41 and apply to these (History of New Orleans)
1700s
Major French port that shipped goods from Mississippi to ocean
1800s
RR expansion cut down the river trade importance
1900s
Cities importance limited to surrounding states, became a major tourist hub and important center for oil/gas

19. Themes of Geography Human-Environment Interaction Concerned with…….
How people use their environment
How they have changed it
What are the consequences of those changes?
How have they responded to those changes?
Example:
American SW had few residents before technology made it capable to increase habitation
Rapid growth in population is now putting a strain on water supply and other areas

20. Anchor Activity Grab colored paper and 1-2 Markers
Create a concept map over the 5 themes of Geography, using as little of your notes as possible
List the themes as well as the main concept w/in each theme
Example: Region= definition, and 1-3 types
Keep in folders
Finish Picture activity from Tuesday
Video

21. Bell Work: 10 minutes Get book and folders
Finish Concept Map and completion check by me (keep in maps)
You and your partner, Find at least the absolute location of the two pictures you took out of the nat’l geo!
NO ONE SHOULD TAKE A BOOK OUT OF ROOM W/OUT PERMISSION; IF YOU SHARE IT

22. 5 Themes Location Place Region Movement Human/Environment Interaction
Absolute -Relative
Place
Human and Physical Characteristics
Region
Group of places with at least 1 common trait
Formal, Functional, Perceptual
Movement
Exchange/mvmnt. Of people, goods, ideas
N.Orleans Example
Human/Environment Interaction
How have people changed environment?
How have they dealt with those changes?

23. Changes within the Earth
Section 2
Changes within the Earth

24. Physical Characteristics
Geology: Study of the earth’s physical structure and history
Divided up into 2 main Areas
Earth’s Layers
Land/Air/Water

25. The Earth’s Layers Core (Center) Mantle- around the core
Consists of very hot metal, mainly iron mixed with some nickel.
Inner Core- is thought to be dense and solid
Outer Core metal is molten, or liquid
Mantle- around the core
Thick layer of rock, est. to be 1,800 mi. thick
Rock is mostly solid but some upper levels may be more flexible

26. The Earth’s Layers (cont’d)
Crust
Thin Rocky surface layer on top
Thinnest below oceans (5 mi. thick)
Thickest below continents (22+ mi. thick)

27. A= B= C= D=

28. Lesson Closing
Finish any activity that is in your folder that is not done
We will be speeding up the process in the next few weeks!!
Finish Video while working
Stay Quiet

29. Differentiated Friday
Watch 20 Minute Video
Physical Features of Earth
25 Minutes of Work time on projects

30. Bell Work Grab books and folders
Be ready to answer questions about earth’s layers?
What is the center of the earth that is mainly iron mixed with some nickel?
Core
What is the thinnest rocky layer?
Crust
The pit of the peach?
Inner Core
Up to 1800 miles thick and the biggest of the layers
Mantle

31. Land/Air/Water Divided into spheres by various physical forms
Lithosphere
Soils, rocks, landforms, and other surfaces
Atmosphere
Layer of air, water, and substances above the surface

32. Land/Air/Water (cont’d)
Hydrosphere
Water in oceans, lakes, rivers, and even under the ground….called a ?
Aquifer
Biosphere
Is the world of plants, animals, and other living things that occupy the land/water of the earth

33. Land/Air/Water Large landmasses in the oceans are called?
Continents
How many Continents are there?
7, N.America, S. America, Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica
What is the smallest?
Australia
Biggest?
Asia

34. Landform Classifications
Classified according to differences in relief
Relief
The difference in elevation bt. The highest and lowest points
Whether they rise gradually or steeply
Major types of Landforms
Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains

35. How are The 4 different Mountains Hills Plateau Plain
Rise at least 2000 ft above surrounding terrain
Hills
Lower, rounded, and generally less steep
Plateau
Raised Area, but surface is generally level
Plain
Flat or gently rolling area w/few elevation changes

36. Physical Processes What are the forces that shape an area
Two major types:
Volcanism (movement of magma)
Movements affecting the earth’s crust.

37. Volcanoes Can have three types:
Most famous is distinctive cone like Mt. Fuji in Japan
From alternating explosive eruptions and smooth lava flow.

38. Movements in the Crust Plate Tectonics Theory:
Theory that the earths outer shell is not one solid sheet of rock.
Instead broken into a number of moving plates varying in size and thickness
Slide/move over a hot/flexible layer of the mantle; helps explain earthquakes/volcanoes

39. Continental Drift Theory
Theory that continents were once joined together in a super-continent
The continents slowly shifted positions due to their movement on what????
Their tectonic plates

40. Lesson Closing Work on Section 2 Guided Reading/Review
Read Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
Answer Question to caption on pg. 47
Moving east/west towards each other
Volcanoes/Tornadoes
Work on Section 2 Guided Reading/Review

41. Bell Work Look at two Theory Questions
What was done to support the continental drift theory?
Wegener found identical fossils from various continents
List the three volcanoes types given by the book
Small cinder cone, distinctive cone mtns., plateau like
Answer questions to caption on pg. 48
Bt. 135 million and 65 million years ago
Laurasia and Gondwana

42. Seafloor Spreading Another theory supporting Plate tectonics
Using Sonar Scientist began to see that the ocean floor had similar land formations as the continents did. But that rocks were much younger
Theory stated that molten rock came up beneath the underwater ridge system, broke through a split at the top.
The new rock spreads out both ways as if on a conveyer belt.

43. Sea Floor Spreading

44. Plate Movements Convection
Circular movement caused when a material is heated, expands and rises, then cools and falls.

45. When Plates Meet 4 Major Types of Plate movement Spreading
Spreading, Subduction, Convergence, Faulting
Spreading
When plates pull away from each other
Form a diverging plate boundary
Likely to have rift valleys, earthquakes, or volcanic action

46. When Plates Meet Cont’d
Outcomes when plates meet depends on the density of those plates
Oceanic plates (ocean) are denser than continental plates
Subduction- when an oceanic (denser) plate meets a continental plate it slides beneath the lighter plate.
Ocean material will sink/melt; some coming back up in volcanic action before it cools
Cascade Range/Andes Mountains were formed by this.

47. Convergence
When two oceanic plates collide the denser will slide beneath.
Can form an arc of volcanic islands
When two continental plates collide, NEITHER will sink
Buckling, folding will result in great Mountain ranges.

48. Faults When plates slip or grind past one another Ring of Fire
Example is the San Andreas fault in CA.
Ring of Fire
Circle of volcanoes surrounding the pacific ocean, look on pg. 47.

49. Lesson Closing Activity
With 6 o’clock partners you will be given two vocab. Words that you need to draw clues on the board for other teams to answer!
Will Draw tomorrow

50. Bell Work Finish Game: Draw clues on board Answer these questions
Write down this assignment for Thursday and will start at end of period!
Pg. 58
1-16, 18-19
Time to work on Thursday!!

51. Review What are the 4 main sphere’s? And describe
Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Atmosphere
What are the Earth’s 3 main layers?
Core, Mantle, Crust
What are the four major types of plate movement, and describe them?
Spreading-plates moving away from each other
Subduction- oceanic plate going under continental plate
Faulting- Plates sliding/grinding past one another
Converging- Similar plates colliding with each other

52. Changes on the Earth’s Surface
Section 3
Changes on the Earth’s Surface

53. Review Last Section We talked about what?
How internal Forces change the earth
Like convection, subduction, continental drifting ect.
This section will be focused on how external forces of the earth are affecting its appearance

54. Examples

55. Changes on the Surface Weathering
The breakdown of rock at or near the earth’s surface into smaller and smaller pieces.
Two Main types:
Mechanical
Chemical

56. Mechanical Weathering
Occurs when rock is actually broken or weakened physically
Breaks large masses of rock into boulders, stones, pebbles, sand, and even dust.
Frost Wedging: Most common type
When water freezes into ice in a crack in rock
Water expands when frozen and slowly widens the crack
Ever frozen a can of pop?
Another type is when seeds rook in rock cracks

57. Chemical Weathering
Process of altering a rock’s chemical makeup by changing the minerals that form the rock, or by combining them with new chemical elements
Important Factors
Water and Carbon Dioxide
Water/Carbon Dioxide
Combined form a carbonic acid that can dissolve certain rock (limestone)
Ex.: Caves
Type: Chemical Rain
Can destroy forests/water as well as eat surfaces of stone buildings/rock formations.

58. Erosion Most common Causes Erosion Water, Wind, Glacier
The movement of weathered materials such as gravel, soil, and sand.

59. Water Erosion Moving water is greatest cause of erosion. Sediment:
Small particles of soil, sand, and gravel carried by rivers/streams. Acts as sandpaper to rock surfaces

60. Wind Erosion Second major cause of erosion Loess:
Wind-blown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt.
Sandstorms are one major cause of erosion.

61. Glacier Erosion Glaciers: Huge, slow-moving sheets of ice
As they move they carry dirt, rocks, and boulders along their bottom edge
The terrain is worn away by the debris dragging along with the ice
Moraines
Ridge-like piles of rocks and debris left behind by melted Glaciers.

62. Questions What are the 3 main types of erosion?
Why is erosion important?
Why is sediment important?
Where is wind erosion especially important?
What are some reasons its important
Pg. 58
1-16, 18-19
Time to work on Monday!!