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What is an ION and how do you make one?

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Presentation on theme: "What is an ION and how do you make one?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What is an ION and how do you make one?
An atom with a positive or negative charge due to an unbalance of protons and electrons. Simulator

2 Which elements are these? What do they have in common?
HELIUM 18 22 NEON ARGON 36 48 KRYPTON Nobles Video

3 NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)!
HELIUM 18 22 NEON ARGON 36 48 KRYPTON THE NOBLE GASES

4 Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or wavering
What word comes to mind when you watch this video? Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or wavering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Play ‘Leave Brittney Alone’ Video

5 UNSTABLE! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 The elements are very UNSTABLE creatures!

7 For the elements, STABILITY is happiness.
This happens when they obtain a FULL OUTER LEVEL of electrons! VALENCE ELECTRONS

8 ESSENTIAL QUESTION Can you explain why most elements are unstable and what they do in order to get stable, giving examples?

9 Ne Kr Rn He Ar Xe The Noble Gases PLAY PROMO CLIP

10 Kr Xe Rn Ar Ne He The Noble Gases

11 He Ar Xe Ne Kr Rn The Noble Gases

12 Ar Ne Kr He Xe Rn The Noble Gases

13 The Noble Gases HELIUM NEON ARGON XENON KRYPTON

14 They all want to be like the NOBLE GASES!

15 I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER LEVEL OF ELECTRONS.
THE ELEMENTS WISHES I WISH I WAS STABLE. I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER LEVEL OF ELECTRONS. I WISH I WAS LIKE THE NOBLE GASES. OLD I WISH NEW I WISH

16 THE ELEMENTS WISHES I WISH I WAS STABLE. I WISH I WAS FULL.
I WISH I WAS A GAS. I WISH I WAS NOBLE. OLD I WISH NEW I WISH

17 IONS The tendency of the elements to STABILIZE by obtaining a FULL VALENCE of electrons, called the OCTET RULE. They can do this by GAINING electrons, which produces a NEGATIVE CHARGE. Or they can LOSE electrons, which produces a POSITIVE CHARGE. Simulator Nobles Video

18 IONS ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING
CHARGE

19 How will Fluorine stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 9 10

20 Fluorine will stabilize by GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 9 10 NEON

21 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

22 How will Oxygen stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 8

23 Oxygen will stabilize by GAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -2 8 NEON

24 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE
ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2

25  Pick another isotope if possible.
Circle if it gains or loses electrons. Draw the charge, use yellow for negative. Use a different color for added electrons. O O O O O Oxygen Atomic # 8 Atomic Mass 16 8 Protons 8 Neutrons 8 Electrons 16 8 16 8 17 8 18 8 -2 O 17 8 8P 10N O 18 8 This is how your packet should look so far!

26 How will Nitrogen stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 7

27 Nitrogen will stabilize by GAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -3 7 NEON

28 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3

29 How will Carbon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 6

30 Carbon will stabilize by GAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -4 6 NEON

31 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4

32 How will Boron stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 5 6

33 Boron stabilize by LOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +3 5 6 HELIUM

34 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3

35 How will Beryllium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 4 5

36 Beryllium will stabilize by LOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +2 4 5 HELIUM

37 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2

38  Pick another isotope if possible.
Circle if it gains or loses electrons. Draw the charge, use blue for positive. Use an X for lost electrons. Be Be Be Be 9 4 7 4 10 4 +2 Atomic # 4 Atomic Mass 9 4 Protons 5 Neutrons 4 Electrons 7 4 Be Beryllium Be 4P 6N 9 4 X X 10 4 Be This is how your packet should look so far!

39 How will Lithium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 3 4

40 Lithium will stabilize by LOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +1 3 4 HELIUM

41 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1

42 How will Helium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 2 4

43 NEITHER!!! Helium is already STABLE!
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 2 4

44 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM NONE

45  Every time you get to a Noble Gas
Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’ Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’ NONE 20 10 Ne 19 10 Ne Ne Atomic # 10 Atomic Mass 20 10 Protons 10 Neutrons 10 Electrons 19 10 Ne Neon 10P 10N 10P 9N 20 10 Ne 22 10 Ne NOBLE GAS This is how your packet should look so far!

46 How will HYDROGEN stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 1

47 How will HYDROGEN stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 1 HELIUM

48 IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM NONE HYDROGEN

49 Neon is already STABLE! ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

50 Chemistry of Bad Breath
IONS ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE NEON 8 NONE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM HYDROGEN Chemistry of Bad Breath Nobles Video

51 How will Phosphorus stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 15 16

52 Phosphorus will stabilize by GAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -3 15 16 ARGON

53 IONS PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3

54 Why is GAINING Electrons
a NEGATIVE CHARGE? + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - -3 + + + + + - - - - - - - -

55 How will Sodium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 11 12

56 Sodium will stabilize by LOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +1 11 12 NEON

57 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE
ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3

58 Why is LOSING Electrons
a POSITIVE CHARGE? + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + +1 - - - -

59 How will Chlorine stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 17 18

60 Chlorine will stabilize by GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 17 18 ARGON

61 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

62 How will Aluminum stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 13 14

63 Aluminum will stabilize by LOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +3 13 14 NEON

64 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

65 How will Magnesium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 12

66 Magnesium will stabilize by LOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +2 12 NEON

67 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

68 How will Sulfur stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 16

69 Sulfur will stabilize by GAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -2 16 ARGON

70 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

71 How will Silicon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 14

72 Silicon will stabilize by GAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -4 14 ARGON

73 Silicon will also stabilize by LOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge)
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +4 14 NEON

74 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

75 How will Argon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

76 NEITHER!!! Argon is already STABLE!
■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

77 IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 ARGON 8 NONE

78 Valence stable level Valence eight stable table
________________ electrons, atoms want to become ____________, filling up their outer ____________. ________________ electrons, _________ electrons makes them _____________, that’s the pattern of the ______________. Valence stable level Valence eight stable table MY TRENDS VIDEO

79 The Metals The Non-Metals Which elements are… Can You Figure It Out?
Which group is the largest? LOOK AT THE CHARGES

80 Elements as Stabilized IONS
TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized IONS H-1 He Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar K+1 Ca+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr Rb+1 Sr+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+3 Te-2 I-1 Xe Cs+1 Ba+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn

81 Elements as Stabilized IONS
TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized IONS Transition Metals Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr+1 Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu+1 Zn+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2

82 Li Be Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr H He B C N O F Ne Si P S Cl Ar Ge As Se Br Kr Sb Te I Xe Po At Rn

83 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY METALS VIDEO

84 They love to LOSE their electrons!
That’s why we use metals to make electrical cables! They love to LOSE their electrons! WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

85 H He C N O F Ne P S Cl Ar Se Br Kr I Xe Rn Li Be B Na Mg Al Si K Ca Sc
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

86 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY NON-METALS VIDEO PLAY NON-METALS VIDEO

87 B Si Ge As Sb Te Po H He Li Be C N O F Ne Mg Al P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V
Na Mg Al P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

88 PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO

89 Metals LOSE Electrons called CATIONS
The Main Groups Metals LOSE Electrons called CATIONS Non-Metals GAIN Electrons called ANIONS Semi-Metals can do either

90 Elements as Stabilized Ions
TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

91 Elements as Stabilized Ions
TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions -1 +1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 ±4 +4 ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

92 Elements as Stabilized Ions
TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions H-1 He Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar K+1 Ca+2 Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu Zn+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr Rb+1 Sr+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+5 Te-2 I-1 Xe Cs+1 Ba+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn Ce+2 Pr+2 Nb+2 Pm+2 Sm+2 Eu+2 Gd+2 Tb+2 Dy+2 Ho+2 Er+2 Tm+2 Yb+2 Lu+2 Th+2 Pa+2 U+2 Np+2 Pu+2 Am+2 Cm+2 Bk+2 Cf+2 Es+2 Fm+2 Md+2 No+2 Lr+2 ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

93 +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 PERIODIC TRENDS

94 LESSON SUMMARY Identify the Idea. The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is… Give a example of the idea. For instance, _____ is a good example of concept is example because… Explain additional details of your example. Furthermore, example shows details because it demonstrates…

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