0. Federal Aviation
Administration
Required Navigation Performance Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required
(RNP SAAAR)
Presentation to: Flight Standards IVT
Names: Mark Steinbicker, AFS-410
Barry Miller, AIR-130
Tim Miller, ASAA CMO
Robert Davis, AFS-220
Date: March 1, 2006

1. Introductions Mark Steinbicker, Flight Standards Service,
AFS-410, Flight Operations Branch
Barry Miller, Aircraft Certification Service,
AIR-130, Avionics Systems Branch
Tim Miller, Flight Standards Service,
Supervisory Principal Operations Inspector, ASAA CMO
Robert Davis, Flight Standards Service,
AFS-220, Air Carrier Operations Branch

2. Objectives of Presentation
Promote a general understanding of Area Navigation (RNAV), RNP, and RNP SAAAR concepts
Raise awareness of “public” RNP SAAAR instrument approach procedures (IAPs) published in accordance with 14 CFR Part 97
Discuss guidance materials and the approval process for RNP SAAAR
Seek feedback from field personnel in the interest of improving guidance and processes for RNP SAAAR
Provide points of contact in headquarters for assistance
Serve as reference material after this IVT

3. Overview of Presentation
Agenda
Video on Performance-Based Navigation
What? Terminology- RNAV, RNP, and RNP SAAAR
Why? RNP SAAAR Benefits
How? RNP SAAAR Procedure Development Criteria and Guidance Material
Features of RNP SAAAR Procedure Design
Advisory Circular (AC) APPROVAL GUIDANCE FOR RNP PROCEDURES WITH SAAAR
Development of AC
Aircraft Qualification
Operator Qualification
AC Appendices 1 through 3
Questions or Comments
Break

4. Overview of Presentation (continued)
AC Appendices 4 through 7
Inspector Guidance and Mechanisms for RNP SAAAR Authorizations
Summary
Key Concepts
Points of Contact
Location of Guidance
Follow-on DVD
Questions or Comments

5. You are encouraged to ask questions and provide comments!
Agenda
Presentation
Questions or Comments
Break
Presentation (continued)
Summary
Questions or Comments
You are encouraged to ask questions and provide comments!

6. Video on Performance-Based Navigation (approximately 13 minutes in length)

7. What? Terminology: Area Navigation (RNAV)
RNAV is a method of navigation that enables aircraft to fly on any desired flight path within the coverage of referenced NAVAIDS or within the limits of the capability of self-contained systems, or a combination of these capabilities
Routes and procedures using RNAV provide improved access and flexibility through point-to-point navigation and are not restricted to the location of ground-based NAVAIDs
The overall safety of the RNAV operation is achieved through a combined use of aircraft navigation accuracy, air traffic control intervention (via radar monitoring, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), multilateration, communications) and/or route separation

8. Terminology (continued): Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
RNP is RNAV with on-board navigation monitoring and alerting
RNP is a statement of navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace
A critical component of RNP is the ability of the aircraft navigation system to monitor its achieved navigation performance, and to identify for the pilot whether the operational requirement is, or is not being met during an operation
This on-board monitoring and alerting capability therefore allows a lessened reliance on air traffic control intervention (via radar monitoring, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), multilateration, communications), and/or route separation to achieve the overall safety of the operation
RNP capability of the aircraft is a major component in determining the separation criteria to ensure that the overall containment of the operation is met

9. Terminology (continued): RNP Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required (SAAAR)
RNP SAAAR is the first public implementation of RNP in the National Airspace System
Operators must be authorized to fly this type of procedure
Authorization process is similar to that used for ILS Cat II/III
Procedures are charted with title of “RNAV (RNP) RWY XX” and words “SPECIAL AIRCRAFT & AIRCREW AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED” below minima box
Some “Special” RNP SAAAR procedures currently exist and may be developed in the future (different process and criteria from Part 97)
Operations into foreign airspace/facilities using “RNP-like procedures” may require RNP SAAAR authorizations

10. Why? Benefits of RNP SAAAR
Provide better access through lower minimums to runways with terrain/obstacles
Increase use of under-utilized runways (parallel, converging, standalone)
Improve backup procedures during ILS outages
De-conflict airspace and traffic flows (e.g., converging runways, adjacent procedures) through narrower and curved segments
Improve safety by eliminating circling maneuvers and providing lateral and vertical flight guidance to the runway

11. How? FAA Guidance for RNP SAAAR Procedures
Procedure Development Criteria-
FAA Order UNITED STATES STANDARD FOR REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (RNP) APPROACH PROCEDURES WITH SPECIAL AIRCRAFT AND AIRCREW AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED (SAAAR)
Airworthiness and Operational Approval-
FAA AC APPROVAL GUIDANCE FOR RNP PROCEDURES WITH SAAAR
Note: International procedure design criteria for RNP with “Authorization Required” will be harmonized with
FAA Order

12. RNP SAAAR Procedure Design Features per Order 8260.52
Narrow
Segments
Lateral Width of 2 X RNP with no secondary buffers at RNP 0.3 nm or less
Curved Segments (optional)
(Radius-to-fix legs)
Performance-Based Vertical Criteria
(Vertical Error Budget)
RF Segments
Guided Missed Approaches (optional)
(RNP 1.0 or less)
VEB & Missed Approach

13. AC 90-101 APPROVAL GUIDANCE FOR RNP PROCEDURES WITH SAAAR
Developed through coordination with aviation industry via Performance-Based Aviation Operations Rulemaking Committee (PARC)
Designed to set a common standard for Operations and Airworthiness to be in sync with Procedure Design criteria in
FAA Order
Authorizations issued under the provisions of AC may require operational mitigations to satisfy safety standards

14. Guidance for Approvals per AC 90-101
Aircraft Qualification
Performance Requirements
Lateral and vertical accuracy
Airspace containment- system monitoring and alerting
Position Updating
GPS required during initial implementation
DME/DME/IRU where appropriate
Path Definition and Flight Planning
Path Steering Performance
Displays, Alerting, and Annunciations
Design Assurance
Navigation Database

15. Guidance for Approvals per AC 90-101 (continued)
Operator Qualification
Operator requests approval from FAA
Confirmation of aircraft qualification
Case #1- Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) states compliance with AC
-or-
Case #2- No statement of compliance in the AFM, then the aircraft Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and FAA determine airworthiness
-and-
Compliance with crew procedures and training specified in AC
-then, if satisfactory-
FAA issues interim authorization and then, following demonstration period (credit may be given to experienced operators), final authorization

16. Appendix 1- RNP SAAAR Instrument Approach Procedures
Procedure design criteria defined in FAA Order
Characteristics of RNP SAAAR procedures:
Allowance for multiple lines of minima at 0.3 nm and down to 0.1 nm
“RNP 0.3” line of minima will always be developed, if obstacles and terrain allow
RNP values less than 0.3 nm generally require use of more automation
RF legs an option throughout procedure and identified on chart
Missed approach procedure with RNP less than 1.0 nm
Non-standard approach speeds and/or climb gradients
Initial charting conventions established but work still ongoing

17. Appendix 1- RNP SAAAR Instrument Approach Procedures (continued)
Characteristics of RNP SAAAR procedures (continued):
Temperature Limits
Restrictions charted as with Baro-VNAV (LNAV/VNAV)
Limits do not apply to aircraft with approved temperature-compensating systems
Aircraft Size
Single standard (“large” aircraft) will be used for initial designs to encourage participation and reduce complexity
Design to “small” aircraft criteria to achieve lower minimums
Example RNP SAAAR charts in AC
FAA National Aeronautical Charting Office (NACO)
Products of commercial vendors may vary

18. Appendix 2- Aircraft Qualification
Primary intent  provide guidance to OEMs & avionics vendors
In sync with RNP SAAAR procedure design criteria and operations criteria
Content:
Introduction  No need for new airworthiness project
Performance & Functional Requirements
RNP SAAAR General Requirements
Examples:
Display of deviation
Altimeter crosscheck
Requirements for RNP SAAAR IAPs with RF Legs
Requirements for using lines of minima less than RNP 0.3
Requirements for IAPs with a missed approach RNP less than 1.0

19. Appendix 3- Navigation Data Validation Program
Reduced obstacle clearance adds to importance of accurate data
Sections:
Data Management Process
Responsible manager
Process documented  configuration control
Initial Data Validation
Data Updates
Data Suppliers
AC ACCEPTANCE OF DATA PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED NAVIGATION DATABASES
RTCA DO-200A STANDARDS FOR PROCESSING AERONAUTICAL DATA
Aircraft Modifications (for example, software changes)

20. Questions or Comments

21. Please return in 15 minutes
BREAK
Please return in 15 minutes

22. Appendix 4- Operational Considerations
General
In addition to the guidance of this appendix, the operator must continue to ensure they comply with the general RNAV operating requirements; checking Notices to Airmen (NOTAMS), availability of Navigational Aids (NAVAID), airworthiness of aircraft systems, and aircrew qualification
Preflight Considerations
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
Autopilot and Flight Director (as required by RNP value, RF legs, AFM)
Dispatch RNP Assessment (for example, predictive RAIM)
NAVAID Exclusion
Navigation Database Currency

23. Appendix 4- Operational Considerations (continued)
In-Flight Considerations
Modification of Flight Plan
Required List of Equipment
RNP Management
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) Updating
Radio Updating (reversionary mode)
Approach Procedure Confirmation
Track Deviation Monitoring
System Crosscheck
Procedure with RF Legs
Temperature Compensation

24. Appendix 4- Operational Considerations (continued)
In-Flight Considerations (continued)
Altimeter Setting (emphasis on timely and accurate setting)
Altimeter Crosscheck
Non-Standard Climb Gradient (greater than 200 feet per nm)
Engine-Out Procedures (see FAA Notice )
Go-Around or Missed Approach
Missed approach procedures that require RNP 1.0
Missed approach procedures that require less than RNP 1.0
Contingency Procedures
Failure while En Route
Failure while on Approach
These considerations lead to the development of operational procedures that, in turn, lead to training requirements

25. Appendix 5- Training
Individuals must have completed the appropriate ground and flight training segments before engaging in RNP SAAAR operations
Operators must provide training and ensure the following key personnel are qualified to conduct RNP SAAAR operations
Flight crewmembers
Dispatchers/Flight Followers

26. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
14 CFR Part 119 Qualification Training
RNP SAAAR training and qualifications should be incorporated into the operator’s:
Initial
Transition
Upgrade
Recurrent
Differences
Credit for previous RNP training (e.g., Special RNP IAPs), must receive specific authorization from POI

27. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Dispatcher/Flight Follower Training
Different types of RNP SAAAR procedures
RNP SAAAR OpSpec authorizations
The importance of specific navigation equipment
RNP SAAAR regulatory requirements and procedures
MEL requirements and operating provisions
Aircraft navigation performance capabilities
Navigation signal availability (e.g., GPS Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)/predictive RNP capability tool)
Evaluation - Demonstrate knowledge of RNP SAAAR procedures

28. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Flight Crew Training
Ground Training Segment
Concepts of RNP SAAAR systems operation and limitations
General knowledge and operational application of RNP SAAAR instrument approach procedures
Definitions
Differences between RNAV and RNP SAAAR
Types of RNP SAAAR approach procedures authorized
Programming and display of RNP and aircraft specific displays
Enable and disable the navigation updating modes
RNP values appropriate for different phases of flight
Use of GPS RAIM (or equivalent) forecasts and the effects of RAIM

29. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Ground Training Segment (continued)
When and how to terminate RNP navigation
FMC database effective dates
Different components that contribute to the total system error and their characteristics
Temperature compensation
RNP SAAAR ATC Communication and Coordination
RNP SAAAR Equipment Components, Controls, Displays, and Alerts
AFM Information, Limitations, and Operating Procedures
MEL operating provisions

30. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Flight Training Segment
Proper execution of RNP SAAAR procedures
Procedures for verifying that each pilot’s altimeter has the current setting before beginning the final approach of an RNP SAAAR procedure
Use of aircraft RADAR, TAWS, and any other avionics systems used to support the flight crew’s track monitoring and weather and obstacle avoidance
Effect of wind on aircraft performance during RNP SAAAR procedures and the need to positively remain within RNP containment area

31. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Flight Training Segment (continued)
The effect of groundspeed while conducting RNP SAAAR procedures and bank angle restrictions that may impact the ability to remain on the course centerline
RNP and the appropriate approach minima line on an approved published RNP SAAAR procedure
Concise and complete flight crew briefings
Alerts that may occur from improper RNP values for a desired segment of an RNP SAAAR procedure
Performance requirements to couple the autopilot/flight director to the navigation system’s lateral guidance on RNP SAAAR procedures requiring an RNP of less than RNP 0.3

32. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Flight Training Segment (continued)
Potentially detrimental effect of reducing the flap setting, reducing the bank angle or increasing airspeeds may have on the ability to comply with an RNP SAAAR procedure
Importance of aircraft configuration
Bank angle restrictions or limitations
Events that trigger a missed approach
Programming and operating the FMC, autopilot, autothrottles/autothrust, RADAR, GPS, Inertial Navigation System (INS), Electronic Flight Information System (EFIS), and TAWS in support of RNP SAAAR procedures

33. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Flight Training Segment (continued)
Handling of Take-Off/Go-Around (TOGA) while in a turn
Monitoring of Flight Technical Error (FTE) and related go-around operation
Handling of loss of GPS input during a procedure
Flight crew contingency procedures for a loss of RNP capability during a missed approach

34. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Evaluation Module
The operator must evaluate the individual’s knowledge of RNP SAAAR procedures
Include a thorough evaluation of pilot procedures and specific aircraft performance requirements for RNP SAAAR operations and the following:
Each pilot must complete two RNP approach procedures that employ the unique SAAAR characteristics of the operator’s approved procedures (i.e., RF legs, RNP missed).
One procedure must culminate in a transition to landing
One procedure must culminate in execution of an RNP missed approach procedure

35. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Evaluation Module (continued)
Qualification by a RNP SAAAR qualified check airman (or AQP instructor evaluator) using an approved simulator, level 6/7 training device or aircraft
and/or
Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)/Line Oriented Evaluation (LOE). LOFT/LOE programs using an approved simulator that incorporates RNP operations that employ the unique SAAAR characteristics (i.e., RF legs, RNP missed) of the operator’s approved procedures

36. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Evaluation Module (continued)
Demonstrate knowledge and skill in the following elements:
Use of any RNP SAAAR limits/minimums that may impact various RNP SAAAR approaches
Application of radio-updating procedures, such as enabling and disabling ground-based radio updating of the Flight Management Computer (FMC)
Ability to monitor the actual lateral and vertical flight paths relative to programmed flight path

37. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Evaluation Module (continued)
Ability to evaluate and apply a RAIM forecast
Proper setup of the FMC, the weather RADAR, Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS), and moving map
Flight crew briefings and checklists for RNP SAAAR operations with emphasis on Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Use of RNP SAAAR approach plates, briefing cards, and checklists
Knowledge of and skill required to perform an RNP SAAAR missed approach procedure
Speed control
Ability to complete a stable RNP SAAAR approach

38. Appendix 5- Training (continued)
Recurrent Training
Incorporate recurrent RNP SAAAR training that employs the unique SAAAR characteristics
A minimum of two RNP SAAAR approaches must be flown by each pilot
One culminating in a landing
One culminating in a missed approach

39. Appendix 6- RNP Monitoring Program
The operator must have an RNP monitoring program to ensure continued compliance with the guidance and to identify any negative trends in performance
During the interim approval, (the first 90 days and 100 approaches) the operator must submit a report to its Certificate-Holding District Office (CHDO) or Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) every 30 days
After the interim period, the operator must continue to collect and periodically review this data to identify potential safety concerns, and maintain summaries of the data

40. Appendix 6- RNP Monitoring Program (continued)
The program must address the following information:
Total number of RNP SAAAR procedures conducted
Number of satisfactory approaches by aircraft/system
Reasons for unsatisfactory approaches, such as:
“UNABLE REQ NAV PERF”, “NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD”, or other RNP messages during approaches
Excessive lateral or vertical deviation
TAWS warnings
Autopilot system disconnect (when otherwise required)
Navigation data errors
Pilot reports of any anomaly
Crew comments

41. Appendix 7- Approval Checklist/Application Contents
The package should include, as a minimum, the following items:
Aircraft qualification documentation
List of aircraft (make, model, and series) and aircraft equipment to be used, including version of FMS software installed
Operating procedures and practices
Navigation Data Validation Program
Flight crew training programs
Simulator training
Dispatcher/flight follower training
Operations manuals and checklists
Maintenance practices and requirements

42. Appendix 7- Approval Checklist/Application Contents (continued)
RNP SAAAR approach monitoring program
MEL- The operator should submit revisions to the MEL necessary for the conduct of RNP SAAAR operations
Validation test plan
Proposed language, e.g., non-standard Operations Specifications (OpSpecs)/Management Specifications (MSpecs)/Letter Of Authorization (LOA), that identifies any conditions or limitations necessary or required for the authorization
Ability to fly an RF leg
Ability to fly a missed approach requiring RNP less than 1.0

43. Inspector Guidance and Mechanisms for RNP SAAAR Authorizations
FAA Notice – OpSpec C052 can not be used for RNP SAAAR
Part 121/135 OpSpecs
C384: non-standard requiring AFS-200 and AFS-400 approval
Part 129 OpSpecs
C084: must have CAA authorization for that country (AFS-50)
Part 91 Subpart K Mspecs
C384: non-standard
Handbook Bulletins – In development
International RNP Procedures
Majority of procedures will be designed with criteria harmonized with FAA Order and designated as “Authorization Required” or “AR”
Limited number of “RNP” procedures (non-harmonized) that require similar performance to RNP SAAAR
Both types require authorization

44. Summary
RNP SAAAR criteria and guidance documents, developed in coordination with industry, provide common standards in these areas:
Procedure Design
Airworthiness
Operational Procedures and Training
Identification of appropriate operational procedures and associated training is important
No intention for field inspectors to qualify aircraft for RNP SAAAR, rather this function is accomplished by specific OEM and FAA representatives (several aircraft models and operators are currently being reviewed)

45. Summary (continued)
AFS-400, AIR-130, and AFS-200 personnel are ready to assist with applications
Points of Contact ( and phone numbers available in
FAA Directory)
Mark Steinbicker, AFS-410
Vincent Chirasello, AFS-410
Barry Miller, AIR-130
Bruce DeCleene, AIR-130
Robert Davis, AFS-220
Location of Guidance
Follow-on DVD
Presentation
Video on Performance-Based Navigation AC

46. Questions or Comments