1. CAREERS IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
RADIOGRAPHER
X-RAY TECHNOLOGIST
“ TECHNICIAN”
RADIOLOGIST

2. What does a Radiologic Technologist do?

3. A “Radiologic Technologist” (or Radiographer)
medical professional
trained to safely use x-ray radiation to image different parts of patients’ bodies
Provide diagnostic images so the physician can make a diagnosis

4. Medical Radiographer (X-ray Technologist)
use sophisticated imaging equipment to image parts of the human body
challenging field
assist physicians by producing images of diagnostic quality
responsibility to explain the process to the patients
position them and the equipment correctly
and adhere to the principles of radiation protection.
know how to maintain equipment, process images and keep patient records.

5. Radiologic Technologist
R.T.
Dawn Charman, M.Ed., RT (R)(M), CRT(R)(F)
Kelly Clark, M.S.R.T. RT (R)(CT), CRT(R)(F)
Mina Colunga, B.S.R.T. RT (R), CRT(R)(F)
ARRT – R.T.
State of California– C.R.T.

6. Radiologic Technologist is a licensed professional
This program here is for an entry level into the profession
Both Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine would require additional education
Certification/licenses
ARRT— American Registry of Radiologic Technologies
Provides national certification
After taking the exam
CRT-- California Registered Technologist
After completing ARRT exam you pay a fee and get your California license to practice
A separate test is taken for fluoroscopy

7. Radiologic Technologists All types of EXAMS & PEOPLE
HEAD TO TOES
TRAUMA
SPECIAL PROCEDURES
CRITICAL PATIENTS
WALK INS
SURGERY
PATIENTS ARE:
INFANTS
ELDERLY
ALL CLASSES
ALL ETHICITY
ALL BACKGROUND

8. Radiologic Technologist Must be able to COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY with
PATIENTS, STAFF & PEERS
Must use GOOD JUDGEMENT & CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
FIG. 4–2 Radiologic science professionals must use advanced critical thinking skills when handling all patient care situations.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

9. Critical Thinking
Involves sound, professional judgement
Applied with high ethical standard
And integrity

10. Critical Thinking Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Critique
Achieved through
Role Playing
Lab experiments
Case Studies

11. Patient Communication
Interacting with the patient
Interacting with family and friends
Methods of Effective Communication
Age as a factor in Patient Interactions

12. Communication & Adapting to Special Condition Patients
Traumatized Patients
Visually Impaired Patients
Speech and Hearing Impaired Patients
Non-English Speaking Patients
Mentally Impaired Patients
Substance Abusers

13. Education in the Radiologic Sciences
DIDACTIC – Curriculum
Specifically describes the objectives
What the students will learn …..
Instructional Activities – LECTURE
CLINICAL - Hospital
See and do ….

14. Types of Diagnostic Exams
CHEST
EXTREMITIES
SKULL / FACIAL
SPINE
GASTROINTESTINAL
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY

15. LEARNING COGNITIVE – thought / knowledge
PSYCHOMOTOR – physical actions
AFFECTIVE – guided by feelings

16. RT Programs Didactic and Clinical Education
FIG. 5–1 The articulation of didactic, laboratory, and clinical instruction.
(From Ford C, ed: Clinical education for the allied health professions, St Louis, 1978, Mosby.)

17. Some studies of spinal trauma have recorded a missed injury rate as high as 33%.

18. Open fracture
communited

19. ELDERLY

20. INFANTS & CHILDREN

21. SURGERY

22. Fluoroscopy

23. TECHNOLOGIST FLUOROSCOPY Dawn Charman RT (R), (F)
CONTRAST MEDIA (X-RAY DYE)

26. ARRT Standards Accrediting Agencies
Joint Review Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT)
Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)  in collaboration with the Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRC-DMS)
Regional Institutional Accrediting Agencies (degree-granting divisions) WSAC
Conjoint Accreditation Services of the Canadian Medical Association
Australian Institute of Radiography

27. Accrediting Agencies SCHOOLS/PROGRAMS
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)
HOSPITAL ACCREDITATION –
JCAHO
Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare (Hospital) Organizations

28. “Alphabet Soup” NATIONAL & STATE LICENSES
ARRT = (R.T.)
American Registry of Radiologic Technology
R.T. – Certification in Radiologic Technology
CRT – Certified Radiologic Technology State of California, Dept of Health - Radiation Health Branch
Licensing to practice in California
C.R.T. (R) (F) (M)
Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography

29. 5 Primary Exams Radiography (R) Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
Radiation Therapy (T)
Sonography (US) (RDMS)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

30. Post Primary
Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiography (Note: No longer available for new candidates)
Mammography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Note: Both a primary and post-primary track)
Quality Management
Sonography (Note: Both a primary and post-primary track)
Bone Densitometry
Vascular Sonography
Cardiac-Interventional Radiography
Vascular-Interventional Radiography
Breast Sonography
Registered Radiologist Assistant

31. “Alphabet Soup” KNOW THESE!
J.R.C.E.R.T -
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
J.C.A.H.O –
Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
A.R.R.T-
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

32. Beyond Diagnostic Radiography
Advanced Modalities

33. ADVANCED SKILL LEVELS CAT SCAN (CT) MRI (MR) ANGIOGRAPHY (CIT) (CV)
RADIATION THERAPY (T)
MAMMOGRAPHY (M)
Bone Densitometry (BD)
ULTRASOUND (RDMS)
NUCLEAR MEDICINE(NM)
PET
SPECT
MANAGEMENT (BS)
EDUCATION (BS,MEd, PhD EDD)

34. MAMMOGRAPHY Dawn Charman, RT (M)
RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE BREAST
Dx for breast cancer

36. Bone Densitometry
“low dose
Radiation”

37. BONE DENSITOMETRY JOE RUIZ, RT (R) (BD)
POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2001
??? May also have certification w/o RT ????
MEASURING MINERAL CONTENT AND DENSITY OF BONES

38. (Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
FIG. 1–7 A nuclear medicine technologist performs procedures requiring the use of radioactive substances.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)

39. CAT SCAN & MRI
                                                    

40. Computed Tomography Kelly Clark, RT (R) (CT)
1995 began post primary exam

41. (Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
CT SCANNER
USES
RADIATION – AND A COMPUTER
TO RECONSTRUCT
IMAGES
3-D
FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)

42. C T SCANNER

44. Electron BeamTomography
EBT
WHOLE BODY
SCANNER

45. Risk factor HIGH DOSES ? WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW ……. ‘FALSE POSITIVE’S”
NOW THAT YOU KNOW – WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? =

46. Radiation Dose
EBT scans expose the patient to about 1/5th the radiation of a multi-slice CT scanner.
OR so they tell you..
$$$$$$$$

47. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
RT (R) (MRI) or
RT (T) (MRI) or (N) (MRI)
1995 ARRT began post primary exams

48. MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
Images are crated by interaction of Magnet field, radio waves with tissue
Atoms – Nucleus – Electrons

49. USE NON MAGNETIC MATERIALS
MRI SAFETY
USE NON MAGNETIC MATERIALS
CAN CAUSE HARM TO PATIENT & PERSONELL
1 REPORTED DEATH FROM O2 TANK & 6YO PATIENT

50. MRI NOT IONIZING RADIATION USES MAGENTIC RESONANCE (RADIO WAVES)
Jane Schultz, R.T. (MR)

54. RADIOGRAPHY VS MRI
BONE vs Soft Tissue

55. PET Scan & SPECT Scan PET = Positron Emission Tomography
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
X-rays/MRI with Radioisotopes

58. PET Scan showing diffuse spread of prostate cancer to bone
PET Scan showing diffuse spread of prostate cancer to bone. PET has the advantage over traditional bone scanning in its ability to differentiate active from dormant disease.

60. ANGIOGRAPHY/ CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of contrast media.

61. CARDIAC-INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)
POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2003

62. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
ANGIOGRAPHY
CARDIAC CATH
+ MANY OTHERS
RT (CV) (CIT) (CVIT)

63. ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of contrast media

64. Cardiovascular Interventional Radiography
Jane Smith, RT (R) (CVI)
Angiography
1991 began post primary exam for CVIT Radiographers

66. Angiography

67. VASCULAR-INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2003

69. NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive isotopes to make images

70. Nuclear Medicine
RT (NM)
ARRT or NMTCB

71. NM – Images collected after injections of a RADIOISOTOPE

72. The tracer travels into the blood vessels until it arrives to the bone

73. PET Scan & SPECT Scan PET = Positron Emission Tomography
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

75. Prostate cancer metastasized in bones

76. PET NUCLEAR MED + CT or MRI- co-registration

80. RADIATION THERAPY R.T.(T)
2 YRS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
CITY OF HOPE
LLU
CAL STATE LONG BEACH
The branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays or radioactive substances

83. RADIATION THERAPY
branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays (GAMMA) or radioactive substances

84. Radiation Therapy
RT (T) = Registered technologist in radiation therapy technology
Medical dosemetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations
1-4 year program

86. ULTRASOUND
                                     
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

87. Cypress College Orange Coast LLU 1 – 2 years
ULTRASOUND
Cypress College
Orange Coast
LLU
1 – 2 years

88. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
RT (R) (S) or RT (S) or (RDMS)
American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
ARRT in 1999 began post primary exam
ARRT in 2005 began primary exam

89. Ultrsound beam is transmitted and reflected –
as special crystal at the end of
the transducer can
determine the type of tissue
Determines depth

90. Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images

91. ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

95. 2D vs. 3D/4D

96. U/S & the “real thing”

97. Breast Sonography Post Primary Exam
Valuable for Technologists that specialize in Mammography

98. VASCULAR ULTRASOUND cd

99. New - RA Radiology Assistant (Like PA) Weber State (On line – Utah)
LLU
3 others in US (2007 – more)
$$$$ NEW GRADS = 100 K/YEAR (?)
PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP
As of 2007 – NOT APPROVED BY STATE to Work as RA in California

100. Additional Opportunities
Education
Administration
Management (QM)
Commercial
Radiologist Assistant = RA

101. RADIOLOGY ASSISTANT RA
LLU
2 YRS RT
BA DEGREE
WEBER STATE
6YR RT

102. OTHER PATHWAYS
SALES
APPLICATIONS SPECIALIST
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY
MANAGEMENT (DEGREE)
EDUCATON

103. TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST = SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$

104. Other working opportunities…
Registry (local)
Registry (out of state)
X rays taken around the world !!

105. Variety of Work Settings
physicians offices,
clinical outpatient facilities,
free standing imaging centers,
mobile imaging centers
portable services to rehabs
Mammo’s to under privileged areas
Urgent care

106. SALARY RANGES RT’s NEW R.T. = $ 25 -$38 PER HOUR
ON-CALL + O.T. $45,000 – $60,000 YR
ADVANCE SPECIALTIES
$ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
A GREAT SHORTAGE IN ALL HEALTH CARE – A GREAT NEED TO AQUIRE NEW TECHNOLOGIST TO THIS AREA

107. Professional Organizations
ASRT – American Society of Radiologic Technologis
CSRT – California Society
Society of Radiologic Technologists
RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of California
International Societies, other state societies, other modalities