1. FHM TRAINING TOOLS
This training presentation is part of FHM’s commitment to creating and keeping safe workplaces.
Be sure to check out all the training programs that are specific to your industry.

2. Dipping And Coating Operations 1910.122 - 126, Subpart H

3. Summary Rule developed to accomplish
Rewrite former standards in plain language
Consolidate former requirements
Increase compliance options

4. Coverage and Definitions -1910.123

5. Does This Rule Apply to Me?
When a dip tank contains a liquid other than water
When you use a liquid or vapors to:
Clean or coat
Alter the surface
Change the characteristic
Draining or drying an object, dipped or coated

6. What Operations Are Covered?
Paint dipping
Electroplating
Pickling
Quenching
Tanning
Degreasing

7. Operations Covered (Continued)
Stripping
Cleaning
Roll coating
Flow coating
Curtain coating

8. What Operations Are Not Covered?
An operation that only uses a molten material
Alloy
Salt

9. How Are Terms Defined? Adjacent area Approved
Any area within 20 feet of a vapor area that is not separated by tight partitions
Approved
Designated equipment - listed/approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory
Auto ignition temperature
The minimum temperature required to cause self-sustained combustion, independent of any other source of heat

10. Terms Defined (Continued)
Combustible liquid
A liquid with a flash point of 100 deg.F or >
Dip tank
A container holding a liquid other than water and used for dipping or coating
An object may be immersed (or partially immersed) or it may be suspended in a vapor area
Flammable liquid
A liquid with a flashpoint < 100 deg.F

11. Terms Defined (Continued)
Flashpoint
The minimum temperature where a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite
Lower flammable limit (LFL)
The lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame
Expressed as a % by volume of the material in air (or other oxidant)

12. Terms Defined (Continued)
Vapor area
Any tank, including drain boards, drying or conveying equipment, and any surrounding area where the vapor concentration > 25% of the LFL
You
The employer, as defined by the occupational safety and health act of 1970

13. General Requirements -1910.124

14. What Construction Requirements Apply to Dip Tanks?
Any container that must be strong enough to withstand any expected load

15. What Ventilation Requirements Apply to Vapor Areas?
Keep airborne concentration < 25% of its LFL
Meet levels specified Subpart Z
Use of tank covers or floating materials

16. When You Use Mechanical Ventilation?
Must conform with standards incorporated by reference:
ANSI
NFPA
ACGIH
Draw the flow of air into a hood or exhaust duct

17. Mechanical Ventilation (Continued)
Tanks must have an independent exhaust system unless the combination of substances being removed will not cause a:
Fire
Explosion
Chemical reaction

18. What Requirements Must I Follow to Re-circulate Exhaust Air?
Can not recirculate exhaust air when substance poses a health hazard to employees
> 25% the LFL

19. Recirculate Exhaust Air (Continued)
Exhausted air re-circulated using flammable or combustible liquids is:
Free of any solid particulate
Monitored by approved equipment
Sounds an alarm, automatically shuts down when the vapor concentration > 25% the LFL

20. What Must I Do When I Use an Exhaust Hood?
Provide area with a volume of outside air that is at least 90 % of the volume of the exhaust air
Outside air supply does not damage exhaust hoods

21. What Requirements Must I Follow When an Employee Enters a Dip Tank?
Meet the entry requirements for permit-required confined spaces

22. What First-aid Procedures Must My Employees Know?
The first-aid procedures that are
appropriate for the operation

23. What Hygiene Facilities Must I Provide?
Lockers or other storage space to prevent contamination of employee's street clothes
Emergency shower and eye-wash station close to the operation
Can use water hose at least 4’ and at least 3/4” thick, a quick-opening valve, and a pressure of 25 lbs. psi or <
At least one basin with a hot-water faucet for every 10 employees

24. What Treatment and First Aid Must I Provide?
A physician's approval before an employee with a sore, burn, or other skin lesion that requires medical treatment works in a vapor area
Treatment by a properly designated person of any small skin abrasion, cut, rash, or open sore
Appropriate first-aid supplies located near the operation
Employees who work with chromic acid, periodic examinations of exposed body parts, especially their nostrils

25. What Must I Do Before an Employee Cleans a Dip Tank?
Drain the tank, open the cleanout doors
Ventilate and clear any pockets where hazardous vapors may have accumulated

26. What Must I Do to Inspect and Maintain My Dipping or Coating Operation?
Inspect hoods and ductwork of ventilation system for corrosion or damage:
At least quarterly during operation
Prior to operation after a prolonged shutdown
Ensure that the airflow is adequate:

27. Inspect and Maintain (Continued)
Periodically inspect all equipment
Covers
Drains
Overflow piping
Electrical
Fire-extinguishing systems
Promptly correct any deficiencies

28. Inspect and Maintain (Continued)
Provide mechanical ventilation or respirators to protect employees from exposure to toxic substances during
Welding
Burning
Open-flame work
Clean solvents and vapors before permitting welding, burning, or open-flames

29. Additional Requirements for Flammable or Combustible Liquids - 1910

30. Flammable or Combustible Liquids
Must comply , 124, 125, and 126
Must comply if:
Flashpoint of flammable or combustible liquid is 200 deg. F or >
Liquid is heated as part of the operation
Heated object is placed in the liquid

31. What Type of Construction Material Must Be Used in Making My Dip Tank?
Noncombustible material

32. When Must I Provide Overflow Piping?
Properly trapped overflow piping that discharges to a safe location for:
A capacity > 150 gallons
A liquid surface area > 10 feet

33. Overflow Piping (Continued)
Overflow piping is at least 3” in diameter and has sufficient capacity to prevent the tank from overflowing
Piping connections on drains and overflow pipes allow ready access to the interior of the pipe for inspection and cleaning
Bottom of the overflow connection is at least 6” below the top of the tank

34. When Must I Provide a Bottom Drain?
For tanks that contain > 500 gallons of liquid, unless:
The tank is equipped with an automatic closing cover
The viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature does not allow the liquid to flow or be pumped easily

35. Bottom Drain (Continued)
Must ensure that the bottom drain:
Will empty the dip tank during a fire
Has pipes that permit the contents to be removed in 5 minutes
Is properly trapped
Discharges to a safe location

36. Bottom Drain (Continued)
Must be capable of manual and automatic operation
Manual operations must be from a safe and accessible location
Must ensure that automatic pumps are used when gravity flow from the bottom drain is impractical

37. When Must My Conveyor System Shut Down Automatically?
If a conveyor system is used, the system must shut down automatically:
If there is a fire
If the ventilation rate drops below requirements

38. What Ignition and Fuel Sources Must Be Controlled?
In each vapor area and any adjacent area:
All electrical wiring and equipment conform requirements of Subpart S
Except as permitted in
There are no flames, spark-producing devices, or other surfaces that are hot enough to ignite vapors

39. Ignition and Fuel Sources (Continued)
Portable container used to add liquid to the tank is electrically bonded and grounded
Heating systems used in a drying operation that could cause ignition:
Is installed in accordance with NFPA
Has adequate mechanical ventilation that operates before and during drying operation

40. Ignition and Fuel Sources (Continued)
Shuts down automatically if any ventilating fan fails to maintain adequate ventilation
All vapor areas are free of combustible debris
Rags and other contaminated material placed in approved waste cans immediately after use
Waste can contents are properly disposed of at the end of each shift
Post "no smoking" sign near each tank

41. What Fire Protection Must I Provide?
Required for:
Any tank with a capacity of at least 150 gallons or a liquid surface area of at least 4’
Any hardening or tempering tank with a capacity of at least 500 gallons or a liquid surface area of at least 25’

42. Fire Protection (Continued)
For vapor areas, you must provide:
Manual fire extinguishers for flammable and combustible liquid fires
Automatic fire-extinguishing system, Subpart L

43. Fire Protection (Continued)
May substitute a cover that is closed by an approved automatic device for the automatic fire-extinguishing system if the cover:
Can also be activated manually
Is noncombustible or tin-clad, with the enclosing metal applied with locked joints
Is kept closed when the tank is not in use

44. To What Temperature May I Heat a Liquid in a Dip Tank?
Must maintain the temperature of the liquid:
Below the liquid's boiling point
At least 100 deg. F below the liquid's auto ignition temperature

45. Additional Requirements for Special Dipping and Coating Operations - 1910.126
In addition to the requirements in , must comply with any requirement that applies to your operation

46. What Additional Requirements Apply to Hardening or Tempering Tanks?
Must ensure that hardening or tempering tanks:
Are located as far as practicable from furnaces
Are on noncombustible flooring
Have noncombustible hoods and vents for venting to the outside
Vent ducts must be treated as flues and kept away from combustible materials, particularly roofs

47. Hardening or Tempering (Continued)
Must equip each tank with an alarm that will sound if the temperature of the liquid comes within 50 deg. F of its flashpoint (the alarm set point)
When practicable, provide each tank with a limit switch to shut down the conveyor supplying work to the tank

48. Hardening or Tempering (Continued)
If the temperature of the liquid can exceed the alarm set point, equip the tank with a circulating cooling system
If the tank has a bottom drain, it may be combined with the oil-circulating system
Must not use air under pressure when filling the tank or agitate liquid

49. What Additional Requirements Apply to Flow Coating?
Must use a direct low-pressure pumping system or a 10-gallon or < gravity tank to supply the paint for flow coating
In case of fire, an approved heat-actuated device must shut down the pumping system
Must ensure that the piping is substantial and rigidly supported

50. What Additional Requirements Apply to Roll Coating, Roll Spreading, or Impregnating?
When using a flammable or combustible liquid with a flashpoint < 140 deg. F, prevent static electricity by:
Bonding and grounding all metallic parts (including rotating parts)
Installing static collectors
Maintaining a conductive atmosphere (for example, one with a high relative humidity)

51. What Additional Requirements Apply to Vapor Degreasing Tanks?
Must ensure that the condenser or vapor-level thermostat keeps the vapor level at least 36” or 1/2-half the tank width, whichever is less, below the top of the tank

52. Vapor Degreasing (Continued)
When gas as fuel is used to heat the tank liquid, prevent solvent vapors from entering the air-fuel mixture
Make the combustion chamber airtight (except for the flue opening)
Flue must be made of corrosion-resistant material
It must extend to the outside
Must install a draft diverter if mechanical exhaust is used on the flue

53. Vapor Degreasing (Continued)
Must not allow the temperature of the heating element to cause a solvent or mixture to decompose or to generate excessive amount of vapor

54. What Additional Requirements Apply to Cyanide Tanks?
Cyanide tanks must have a dike or other safeguard to prevent cyanide from mixing with an acid if a dip tank fails

55. Additional Requirements For Spray Cleaning And Degreasing Tanks?
If you spray a liquid in the air over an open-surface cleaning or degreasing tank, control the spraying by:
Enclosing the spraying operation
Using mechanical ventilation to provide enough inward air velocity to prevent the spray from leaving the vapor area

56. What Additional Requirements Apply to Electrostatic Paint Detearing?
Must use only approved electrostatic equipment in paint-detearing operations
Electrodes must be substantial, rigidly supported, permanently located, and effectively insulated from ground by nonporous, noncombustible, clean, dry insulators
Must use conveyors to support any goods being paint deteared

57. Electrostatic Paint (Continued)
Must ensure that material being electrostatically deteared are not manually handled
Must maintain a minimum distance of twice the sparking distance between material being electrostatically deteared and the electrodes or conductors of the electrostatic equipment
Minimum distance must be displayed near the equipment

58. Electrostatic Paint (Continued)
Must ensure that the electrostatic equipment has automatic controls that immediately disconnect the power supply to the high-voltage transformer and signal the operator if:
Ventilation or the conveyors fail to operate
Material being electrostatically deteared come within twice the sparking distance of the electrodes or conductors of the equipment
A ground occurs anywhere in the high-voltage system

59. Electrostatic Paint (Continued)
Must use fences, rails, or guards, made of conducting material and adequately grounded, to separate paint-detearing operations from storage areas and from personnel

60. Electrostatic Paint (Continued)
To protect paint-detearing operations from fire, must have:
Automatic sprinklers
An automatic fire-extinguishing system conforming to the requirements of Subpart L
To collect paint deposits:
Provide drip plates and screens
Clean these plates and screens in a safe location