1. Properties, Changes & Classification of Matter

2. Properties vs. Changes
Properties: Describing a substance as seen, smelled, felt, measured, or if it can react with other substances
Physical vs. chemical properties
Intensive vs. extensive properties
Changes: Describing what is or can be done to a substance
Physical vs. chemical changes

3. Properties
Physical properties: describing the substance’s appearance such as color, smell, texture, state (liquid, gas, solid), ductility, malleablility, boiling point, freezing point, etc
** ductility: Making into wire
** malleability: Pounding to sheets
(Ex) Copper has high ductility and malleability while glass doesn’t
Chemical properties: describing if a substance will react with other substances
(Ex) Gasoline burns while water doesn’t because they have different chemical properties
**Burning is to combine with oxygen
** Properties can identify a substance

4. Intensive properties: Properties do not depend on the amount of the substance
(Ex) color, boiling point, state, texture, freezing point, density, etc
Extensive properties: Properties depend on the amount of the substance
(Ex) mass, volume
** mass: the amount of substance or called weight in chemistry
** volume: the amount of space taken up by an object

5. Changes Physical changes: do not change the substance’s composition
(Ex) tearing, pounding, boiling, freezing, melting
*Many physical changes are reversible while some are irreversible
Chemical changes: change the substance’s composition
(Ex) burning, fermentation, digestion
(Ex) Why isn’t boiling a chemical change?
*Most chemical changes are irreversible
*Chemical changes also accompany physical changes

6. States Three common states on Earth: solid, liquid, and gas (≈vapor)
*Plasma is the most common in Universe
Depend on the amount of space between particles and how much the particles move
Space between particles
Motion of particles
Solid
A very little space
Vibrate but can’t move out of their place
Liquid
Some space
Move out of their place
Gas
Lots of space
Move around a lot and fast

7. States can change by changing temperature and/or pressure
Melting  freezing (solid ↔ liquid)
Boiling  condensation (liquid ↔ gas)
Sublimation  deposition (solid ↔ gas)

8. Classification of Matter

10. Pure substance Mixture Has the same composition throughout
Elements or compounds
Elements
all on the periodic table
Each element is made up of one kind of atom
Compounds
formed by chemically combining two or more elements
Each compound is made of at least two different kinds of atoms
Mixture
Made of two or more substances mixed
Heterogeneous or homogeneous

11. Heterogeneous vs. Homogenous Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures
Not well evenly mixed
Two or more phases are visible
(Ex) oil and water mixture
Homogeneous mixtures
Evenly well mixed
Appears to be one phase
Also called as solution
*Mixtures can be separated by filtration, distillation, chromatography, or other separation methods

12. Which is heterogeneous or homogenous?

13. Decide
Element? Compound? Homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

14. Separation Methods Filtration or evaporation Distillation
Separates liquid from solid
Distillation
Separates liquid from liquid
Chromatography
Separates solids