1. Review

2. Warm-Up Questions T/F (mark your answer with a T or F)
1. England controlled much of the area known as the Middle East, or Southwest Asia, from the 1300’s until the end of World War I. ______
2. The Balfour Declaration was a British promise to the Jews that if they fought in WWI on their side than England would establish a Jewish homeland. ______
3. A term for a country that is controlled by another as a result of an international agreement is called a mandate. ______
Multiple Choice (circle your answer)
4. What led to the end of the Ottoman Empire at the close of World War I?
A. The Ottomans were on the losing side of the war, along with Germany.
B. The empire spent too much money on buildings and new roads and went bankrupt.
C. The people in the Empire were starving because a long drought had ruined farming.
D. The Ottoman government was overthrown by a revolt of factory workers who were unemployed when the war ended.
5. Who drew up the boundaries of the new countries created from the Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI?
A. United States
B. Ottoman rulers
C. European politicians
D. Middle Eastern governments

3. Terms to Know
Balfour Declaration: was a British promise to the Jews that if they fought in WWI on their side than England would establish a Jewish homeland
Mandate: A term for a country that is controlled by another as a result of an international agreement

4. Why is oil in high demand?
Hitler’s Goal-to seize control of N. Africa and the Middle East
Why?...
-oil and trade
How?
Russia and Suez Canal

5. Important Areas of the Middle East during WWII
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Palestine

6. Iraq Nurial-Sa’id is pro-British. Declares war on Germany in 1943
Tried to free country from British influence

7. Saudi Arabia Neutral, but favored British
Received financial aid from Britain and the US
Why did the US help Saudi Arabia?
-amount of oil being used
-Arabian-American oil companies
-Military bases
-Ally of the king

8. Iran Russian, US, and Britain military bases there…why?
-Access to supplies

9. Palestine
Balfour Declaration

10. Jewish Population Increase

11. Peel Commission

12. White Paper of 1939 British proclamation that Palestine should become a Jewish state was not in their policy

13. Zionism
Zionist groups inside Palestine pressure Britain to leave by attacking British groups
Zionism: movement to bring Jews back to their holy land (Israel/Palestine)

14. Creation of Israel
United Nations approved a new state of Israel on May 14, 1948.
Public pressure in the US and Britain wanted the mandate ended and a Jewish state created.

15. Newly formed country of Israel
Diaspora: Jews driven out of the Middle east by Assyrians and babylonians in the BC era.
Why did the Jews want their own country?
-Anti-Semitism: Jews were being persecuted in Europe(The Holocaust),
-Balfour Declaration
-Zionism
What is the problem with creating Israel?

16. PLO
Palestinians Liberation Organization
Leader: Yasir Arafat

17. How does Israel protect itself?
Builds up an army
Increased the weapons
Military time (who serves in the military)

18. Yom Kippur War
1956: Israel attacked Egypt to get control of the Suez Canal.
Israel wins