1. EEG and ECG machines

2. What is an EEG machine?
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test to detect problems in the electrical activity of the brain.

3. Why is it used?
EEG is used to help diagnose the presence and type of seizure disorders, to look for causes of confusion, and to evaluate head injuries, tumours, infections, degenerative diseases, and metabolic disturbances that affect the brain.
It is also used to evaluate sleep disorders and to investigate periods of unconsciousness. The EEG may be done to confirm brain death in a comatose patient.
EEG cannot be used to measure intelligence or diagnose mental illness.

4. What abnormal results can mean
Seizure disorders (such as epilepsy or convulsions)
Structural brain abnormality (such as a brain tumour or brain abscess)
Head injury
Attention deficit problems
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
Haemorrhage (abnormal bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel)
Cerebral infarct (tissue that is dead because of a blockage of the blood supply)
Sleep disorders (such as narcolepsy)
Drug or alcohol abuse
Migraines (in some cases)
Hallucinations
Syncope (fainting)
Vertigo

5. Types of brain waves observed
There are four main types of brainwaves:
Beta,
Alpha,
Theta,
and Delta.

6. What each wave represents
Beta
Alpha
Theta
Delta
This is the active mind wave cycles per second (or Hz)
9-14 Hz. Relaxed, daydreaming wave.
The stage as we are falling asleep. 4-8 Hz
Unconsciousness, deep sleep, coma. Up to 1-3 Hz

7. What the waves look like

8. What is an ECG machine?
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats as well as the size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart, and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart (such as a pacemaker).

9. Why is it used?
An ECG is very useful in determining whether a person has heart disease. If a person has chest pain or palpitations, an ECG is helpful in determining if the heart is beating normally. If a person is on medications that may affect the heart or if the patient is on a pacemaker, an ECG can readily determine the immediate effects of changes in activity or medication levels. An ECG may be included as part of a routine examination in patients over 40 years old.

10. What abnormal results can mean
Myocardial (cardiac muscle) defect
Enlargement of the heart
Congenital defects
Heart valve disease
Arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms)
Tachycardia (heart rate too fast) or Bradycardia (too slow)
Ectopic heartbeat
Coronary artery disease
Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis)
Changes in the amount of electrolytes (chemicals in the blood)
Past heart attack
Present or impending heart attack