1. Arab/Islamic Kingdoms and Indian Ocean Trade
By: Rain Cinco, Theodora Danias, Michelle Fong, Alyssa Iglesias, Katrina Kerolus, Anumta Raheel
Period 8
Arab/Islamic Kingdoms and Indian Ocean Trade

2. The Rise of Islam 7th century C.E.- Islam emerged in Arabian Peninsula
Arab conquerors were able to expand the empire within one century- from N. India to Iberian Peninsula
Islam spread to three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe
Rapid expansion influenced development of trade and the exchange of ideas.
Caliphates: Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid

3. Islamic Trade Routes- Post Classical Era (600-1450 AD)
The Islamic Empire was a center for trade
built an enormous and profitable trade network over land and sea
Mediterranean Sea to Europe
Caspian Sea and Volga River Russia
Islamic traders made it all the way to the shores of China by sailing the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.

4. Trade and Transportation
Overland trade:
Travel mostly done by camel caravan
Used extensive road networks that were built during the classical era by India, Persia, and the Mediterranean Basin
Maritime Trade
Borrowed compass from Chinese
Borrowed the lateen sail from Southeast Asian and Indian Mariners
Borrowed Astrolabe from Hellenistic Mediterranean
Arab and Persian mariners sailed throughout the Indian Ocean Basin

5. Islam and Medieval Europe: Political, Social, and Economical Impacts
Battle of Tours in 732 AD stopped the Muslim advance into Europe and left only Spain in Muslim control.
In 1096 Western Christians marched through the Byzantine Empire to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims. This conflict brought about the end of the feudal system in Western Europe.

6. Islam and Medieval Europe Cont.
Economic
Increased interaction with the Islamic Empire during the Crusades led to a revival of European trade with Asia. This trade led to a rise in the economic prosperity of Western Europe
Intellectual/Arts
Increased interaction with the Islamic Empire as a result of the Crusades opened Europeans up to new knowledge of science, medicine, and technology from the Muslims.
the Europeans discovered their own past within a different region of the world Renaissance.
Europeans adopted Hindi numerals from the Muslims

7. Arab/Islamic Empires and China
In 751 CE, the Abbasid Dynasty defeated a Chinese army at the Battle of Talas River
This ended expansion of Tang Dynasty into Central Asia and allowed the spread of Islam among Turkish peoples
Borrowed compass from the Chinese
Silk Road trade flourished
Silk and ceramics from China

8. Trans and Sub-Saharan Trade
Political
Trade kingdoms emerged in West Africa – Ghana, Mali, & Songhay and rulers converted to Islam to gain trade advantages
Eastern coastal city-states gained power as rulers converted to Islam
Economic
Crossed the Sahara by camel caravan to trade salt, steel, copper, glass, and slaves from West Africa
Animal skins from Eastern Africa

9. Arab/Islamic Empires and Africa
Intellectual/Arts & Religion
The Trans-Saharan trade routes helped to spread Islam to West Africa
Mali ruler Mansa Musa observed Islamic tradition by making his pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) in
Local beliefs mixed with Islamic beliefs
Swahili – mix of Bantu and Arabic became widespread
Arabic became the first written language in West Africa

10. Muslim and Hindu Societies in South Asia
Arab forces entered India as early as the mid 7th century before the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate
entered South Asia via merchants and later conquered Northern territories of India and eventually spread to Southeast Asia
Few Islamic converts were won forcefully but easily converted lower castes through the ideas of equality of the believers. The Hindu social structure was more restrictive than that of the Muslims. Muslims living in India adopted many aspects of Hindu culture.

11. South Asia/India and the Islamic Empires
Mahmud of Ghazni, leader of the Turks in Afghanistan, led raids of India between 1001 and 1027.
Mahmud demolished Hindu and Buddhist sites
Buddhism declined.
Mosques or Islamic shrines were constructed on the sites where Hindu and Buddhist structures were destroyed.
The Sind (Northern India) were conquered by Arab Muslims and passed to Abbasids

12. Indian Ocean Trade Network
The Indian Ocean Trade Network thrived as Muslim merchants traded with Indian and Chinese merchants.

13. Indian Ocean Trade area of rapid Muslim expansion.
Maritime trade network across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.
Maritime trade in India expanded due to the rising prosperity of Asian, European, and African states and the resulting demand for luxury goods.

14. Cross-Cultural trade in the Indian Ocean Basin
What did they trade?
Silk and porcelain from China
Spices from southeast Asia
Pepper, gems, pearls, and cotton from India
Incense and horses from Arabia and southwest Asia
Gold, ivory, and slaves from east Africa
Maritime technology: Lateen sail and new ship-building techniques
Dhows and junks--large ships involved in maritime trade in Indian Ocean

15. Indian Ocean Trade Trade took place in three distinct regions:
The South China Sea- Chinese and Malays dominated trade
From the east coast of India to the islands of Southeast Asia- Indians and Malays dominated trade.
From the west coast of India to the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa- Persians and Arabs dominated trade.
Increased interaction with the Islamic Empire during the Crusades led to a revival of European trade with Asia.  This trade led to a rise in the economic prosperity of Western Europe.

16. Monsoons
Monsoon winds changed direction at regular and predictable times
Indians were the first people to “ride” the monsoon winds
Southern monsoons brought rainfall for crops and farming
Supplement to irrigation systems

17. Assessment!!
To what three continents did Islam spread to (during the post-classical era)?
Europe, Australia, and Asia
Europe, Africa, and Canada
Europe, Africa, and Asia
None of the above
CORRECT ANSWER: C

18. Assessment 2) Which West African ruler performed the Hajj?
Genghis Khan
Mansa Musa
Muhammad
Marco Polo
CORRECT ANSWER: B

19. ASSESSMENT
3) True or False: Islam traded with Russia through the Volga River and Caspian Sea.
CORRECT ANSWER: TRUE

20. ASSESSMENT
4) What were the names of the ships used in maritime trade in the Indian Ocean?
CORRECT ANSWER: DHOWS AND JUNKS

21. ASSESSMENT 5) True or False? Islam was dominant in southern India.
Answer: False, Islam spread to the Sind sultanate in Northern India, Southern India remained predominantly Hindu.

22. ASSESSMENT 6) Arab Muslims imported ______ from China Silk, only
Bananas
Silk and ceramics (chinaware)
None of the above
CORRECT ANSWER: C

23. The Islamic Empires and Indian Ocean Trade
There's lots of commotion In the Indian Ocean Must be the trade The Arabs made Overland or maritime, they were both successful The Indians and Arabs were ever so fruitful

24. THE END!