1. act ii
Figurative Language: Metaphor, Extended Metaphor, Simile, Imagery, Paradox and Personification

2. AGENDA Bell Ringer Notes: Figurative Language
Group Analysis: “Annabel Lee”
Analytical Essay Outline (Group)
Individual Analysis: “If We Must Die”
Analytical Essay Outline (Individual)
Learning Targets:
I can identify how precise word choice, phrasing, and figurative language convey a vivid picture of the experiences and contribute to theme.
I can effectively write an essay using evidence as support that analyzes how the author’s use of figurative language develops the theme of a literary work.

3. Bell Ringer
“An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. From this day you must be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do.”
Pride and Prejudice
What is the conflict (internal or external)?
What type of conflict is it (man vs. man, man vs. society, man vs. nature/fate, man vs. self)
Be prepared to defend your answer.

4. Group Discussion What is this author trying to say? How do we know?
“Cause baby, you're a firework
Come on, show 'em what you're worth
Make 'em go "oh, oh, oh!"
As you shoot across the sky-y-y 
Baby, you're a firework
Come on, let your colors burst
Make 'em go "oh, oh, oh!”
You're gonna leave 'em going “oh, oh, oh!”
What is this author trying to say? How do we know?
The author never comes right out and says what the means. However, we are able to find meaning based on figurative language.

5. Theme
Theme is the central idea or message the author is trying to convey to the reader. This will often connect the story to a more global image or larger idea.
What was the theme of To Kill a Mockingbird?
Talk about ways that we found the theme. Through plot and language. All text is the same way. For example songs use figurative language in their lyrics to convey a theme to an audience.

6. METAPHOR
Figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily means one thing is used to describe another, this will make a comparison of two things that would normally not be associated.
Looks like a girl, but she's a flame So bright, she can burn your eyes Better look the other way
Metaphor is one example of figurative language that can convey a theme through a comparison of two things seemingly dissimilar things and compare them to highlight a particular similarity that they do have. This is often to contribute to a larger idea also known as theme. While listening to this song have students write down 2 metaphors that they hear. Have them analyze what the metaphor is comparing and it what might be trying to say. Have a few students share the metaphors they found and discuss how they contribute to theme.

7. Metaphor
“Naturally” by Selena Gomez You are the thunder and I am the lightning And I love the way you Know who you are and to me it's exciting When you know it's meant to be Identify one metaphor in “Naturally”.
“One Thing” by One Direction
Shot me out of the sky You're my kryptonite You keep making me weak Yeah, frozen and can't breathe
Identify one metaphor in “One Thing”

8. Extended Metaphor
A metaphor that is introduced in a work and farther developed over the the entire part of the literary work.
Have students identify lyrics throughout the song that contribute to the extended metaphor. Discuss why the artist would choose to compare these two things. Discuss how this comparison contributes to theme.

9. Extended Metaphor
What is the extended metaphor in “Stereo Hearts”? What makes it extended? Find 4 specific lyrics throughout the song to show how it is an extended metaphor.
Why might the artist choose this specific metaphor? How does the extended metaphor contribute to theme?
Have students identify lyrics throughout the song that contribute to the extended metaphor. Discuss why the artist would choose to compare these two things. Discuss how this comparison contributes to theme.

10. Simile
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind using the words like or as.

11. You're a mean One, Mr. Grinch
You’re a mean one Mr. Grinch You really are a heel. You're as cuddly as a cactus, And as charming as an eel, Mr. Grinch! You're a bad banana, With a greasy black peel! You're a monster, Mr. Grinch! Your heart's an empty hole. Your brain is full of spiders. You've got garlic in your soul, Mr. Grinch! I wouldn't touch you With a thirty-nine-and-a-half foot pole! Write down TWO similes.
What tone is created?

12. imagery
Vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more the the senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste)
Use the lyrics from Disney’s “Under the Sea” on the back of your notes. Underline as many examples of imagery as you can.

13. paradox
A paradox is a statement which at first glance, appears to be contradictory, but on further reading, it seems to contain an element of truth.
Examples:
“You’ve got to be cruel to be kind”
This is the beginning of the end.

14. paradox
What is the paradox in this video?

15. Personification
Personification is when you assign human or living qualities to something that isn’t human or alive. (Literally, to personify something is to make it “like a person”)

16. Poetry Practice: “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe
Background
Edgar Allan Poe most likely based is poem “Annabel Lee” on his real-life bride, who died in her early twenties from tuberculosis.
Poe and his wife, Virginia Clemm, were married when she was only 13 years old. They had a happy marriage until Virginia’s death.
What else have we read by Poe?

17. “Annabel Lee”
Annotate individually the poem “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe for examples of the following. Then, identify the theme.
Metaphor
Simile
Imagery
Paradox
Personification
All may not be present, but keep an eye out for as many examples as possible.

18. Writing Task:
Now that we have annotated “Annabel Lee” for:
Theme
Metaphor
Simile
Imagery
Paradox
Personification
we are ready for the writing task:
Write an essay (into/ thesis, TWO body paragraphs, concluding sentence) in which you explain how the author’s use of figurative language helps develop the theme of the poem.

19. Sample Body Paragraph
Poe uses imagery to convey the theme that true love can not be separated in his poem “Annabel Lee”. For example, the lines “And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes/Of the beautiful Annabel Lee/ And so all the night-tide, I lie down by the side/ Of my darling – my darling – my life and my bride/ In the sepulchre there by the sea,” create the image of Annabel Lee’s lover sleeping each night by her tomb. The use of imagery supports the theme of “Annabel Lee” because it creates a lasting image in the mind of the reader of a lover continuing to stay with his dead bride each and every night; their love is strong enough to be evidenced even after death. In this way, Poe uses imagery to convey his theme that true love can never be separated.

20. Poetry Analysis Individual Practice: “If We Must Die” by Claude McKay
Background:
Claude McKay, is a twentieth century poet that inspired many popular black poets, like Langston Hughes.
McKay wrote reactionary poetry protesting the treatment of black citizens in America in the twentieth century. “If We Must Die” is an example of one of these poems.
If you were a poet, what are some issues in your community that you would react to?

21. Poetry Analysis Individual Practice: “Those Winter Sundays”
On your individual sheet, annotate “Those Winter Sundays” for examples of figurative language (Theme, Metaphor, Simile, Imagery, Paradox, Personification). After annotating, fill out INDIVIDUALLY your essay outline according the following WRITING TASK: Write an essay (introduction, TWO body paragraphs, conclusion) in which you explain how the author’s use of figurative language helps develop the theme of the poem.
General

22. Poetry Analysis Individual Practice: “If We Must Die” by Claude McKay
On your individual sheet, annotate “If We Must Die” for examples of figurative language (Theme, Metaphor, Simile, Imagery, Paradox, Personification). After annotating, fill out INDIVIDUALLY your essay outline according the following WRITING TASK: Write an essay (introduction, TWO body paragraphs, conclusion) in which you explain how the author’s use of figurative language helps develop the theme of the poem.
General

23. HOMEWORK AND REFLECTION
Finish your outline tonight for homework and bring it to class on Thursday.
Reflection:
On your own sheet of paper, answer the following questions:
On a scale from 0-10 ( 0 = HELP ME, 10 = LET ME TEACH IT), how confident do you feel about Constructed Response essays? Explain your answer.
a. What is easiest part? What is the hardest part? Answer in complete sentences.
2. How do you want to practice using figurative language to help you better understand the different types of figurative language and how they contributes to theme and purpose? (ie. group activities constructing sentences using figurative language, interactive examples, real-world movie and song examples, more purpose/theme practice, Romeo and Juliet figurative language scavenger hunt)