1. Documentation DOCUMENTATION Modern Language Association Format
(Information Research Certificate Class 5)

2. Two Formats: MLA vs. APA
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2003.
#1 > example of citation based on APA Format / Style
#2 > based on MLA Style (publication year last)
MLA – publication year last
APA – year first

3. MLA vs. APA Sample: A survey of musical instruments
Use “library catalog” to determine author’s and publisher’s name… click here
MLA
Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975.
APA
Marcuse, S. (1975). A survey of musical instruments. New York: Harper and Row.
MLA – publication year last ….. APA always gave year immediately after author year first

4. Definitions Plagiarism:
Literally “kidnapping,” involving the use of someone else’s words as if they were your own (Gibaldi 66).
“the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one’s own, of the ideas, or the expression of the ideas … of another.” (Oxford English Dictionary)
Theft of intellectual property
Fraud
Deception / Misrepresentation of ideas
purloin = steal
Appropriate == to take or make use of without authority or right

5. Plagiarism cont. To avoid plagiarism,you must DOCUMENT
Documenting / Citing Definition:
direct quotations,
paraphrases, and
original ideas not your own.
Another reason for documentation
documentation / Citations help a reader locate and retrieve the sources you cite.
Your readers may need a direct, contextual reading of the original works of others that has been used by you.

6. MLA: Citations in your text
Parenthetical Citations:
A brief acknowledgement in the text of the paper of what you derived from the source, and where in the work you found the material.
Last name, the page number of the quote taken
E.g.: (Wordsworth, 263)
Or without last name, but only the page number of the quote
For example >> see next slide, or the link below:
Parenthetical -- par-&n-'the-ti-k&l

8. Direct quotations: short vs. long
Direct short quotations
Vs. Parenthetical Citations (Paraphrases)
>>> See next slide
Direct long quotations
quotations longer than four typed lines
in a free-standing block of typewritten lines
omit quotation marks
indented one inch from the left margin
maintain double-spacing
bottom note
>>> See next slide
More than 4 lines - Begin new line - Indent one inch - No quotation marks

11. MLA: Works Cited List Works Cited List: A list at the end of papers
Each source you cite in your text must appear in your works-cited list
Alphabetized by authors’ last names
or if unknown, by title
Detail for “List format”: click here
Parenthetical -- par-&n-'the-ti-k&l

12. Format for an MLA Entry
Each entry in the work-cited list – complete reference at the end of your text:
1st line - Flush Left
2nd line and next - Indented ½ inch
All lines - Double-spaced
Capitalize the first word, and each “real” word in the titles of articles, books, etc
Exceptions: “a,” “an,” “the,” conjunctions or prepositions
Underline / italicize titles of articles, books, films, and periodicals

13. Order for an MLA Entry Author’s last name, first name.
Title of a part of the book.
Title of the book
Name of the editor, translator, or compiler.
Number of the edition used.
Number of the volume used.
Place of publication: name of publisher, year.
Page numbers.
Note: each part ending with a period and two spaces

14. A Book by a Single Author
Author’s or editor’s inverted name. Title of the book. Publication info, namely publication place, publisher’s name, year.
Reichs, Kathy. Fatal Voyage. New York: Scribner,
If a work has more than one author, invert only the first author’s name, follow it with a comma, then continue listing the rest of the authors.

15. An Article: in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination
Author’s Last, First name. “Title of article.” Journal Title Volume Number (Date): page number.
Most, Andrea. “‛We Know We Belong to the Land’ The Theatricality of Assimilation in Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma!” PMLA (1998):
An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination

16. Electronic Publications: Library Subscription Databases
Author’s Name. “Title of the document.” Print Publication Information. Information about electronic publication. Access information (i.e., location / date of access. URL).
Yarup, Robert L. “Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury.” Explicator 55(1996):34. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group. Ozuna Learning Resource Center. San Antonio. 17 Feb <

17. More Examples: Book Citation
Reesman, Jeanne Campbell. American Designs: The Late Novels of James and Faulkner. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1991.

18. Periodical Example
Pavlic, Ed. “’I Just Don’t Know How to Move on Your Word’: From Signifying to Syndetic Homage in James Baldwin’s Responses to William Faulkner.” Mississippi Quarterly 53 (Fall 2000): 515.

19. Electronic Source Citation
Wall, Carey. “The Sound and the Fury: The Emotional Center.” Midwest Quarterly 11 (1970): Contemporary Literary Criticism- Select. Gale Group. Ozuna Learning Resource Center. San Antonio. 13 Nov <

20. Rules of Thumb What style you have to follow?
MLA or APA?
What type of sources used in your paper?
Books? article in book? Or article in journal?
What category of examples in a handout applicable?
Book examples … Internet examples?
Compare the elements in your source with the corresponding elements in a example that apply to yours
Replace all elements in the example with the elements you have in your source
Double check the elements, esp. punctuations …

21. Web Sites http://www.mla.org
Citing Sources (pop-up menu at left) > Interviews …
APA vs. MLA: Choose one under “Examples”
For more Citation and Styles Guides