1. Some things change, some things stay the same
Change and Continuity
Some things change, some things
stay the same

2. Continuity and Change
Watch the following clip to help you understand the idea: Chinese Canadians

3. Start with a chronology of related events
Canada’s involvement in peace-keeping missions
Education in Canada
Stanley Cup championship series’
Roles of women
Look at the timeline - Are there patterns?
Remember - Continuity & Change can coexist- or happen at the same time

4. Periodization - think about how we group periods in time
1920’s vs 1930’s

5. Change is a process
It happens at different paces
You can identify turning points

6. Progress & Decline What may be progress for one group, can
be decline for another

7. Progress & Decline The End of WW1- Paris 1919- Treaty of Versailles
Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (GBR) & George Clemenceau (FRN) meet to wrap- up WW1 & ensure peace. Progress right?

8. Progress for one, decline for another Was the world a better place after the conference?
Japan- “in all this progress towards peace, can we include a racial equality clause in the League of Nations Charter?”
Germany – “There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public. The Treaty became known as a Diktat - as it was being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it.”

9. Progress for one, decline for another Was the world a better place after the conference?
United States refused to join League of Nations
Punishment of Treaty of Versailles made Germany very weak economically, created huge crisis
Germany felt humiliated and wrongfully blamed
Britain was weakened and overshadowed by USA
BUT – Canada was recognized on the world stage

10. How can we look at Continuity & Change & You?
How were the recreational activities of teens in the 1970’s similar to teens today?
What impact has the proliferation of cell phones had on how young people communicate?
Your turn- generate 4 good historical questions - 2 on the theme of continuity (like #1) and 2 based on the idea of change (like #2)
Lets look at Continuity & Change in Quebec- the Quebec question

11. ACTIVITY: French-English Relations
Put the events described into chronological order.
Once finished, look at every event – do you see common ideas or details that suggest “CONTINUITY”?
Then, do you see “CHANGE”?
Can you can break it into time periods? What are these “turning points” where the story changes?

12. Today’s critical questions…
What are the roots of Quebec’s concerns?
Are there patterns in the history of Quebec – Canada relations ?
What should we do?

13. Let’s look at the past 30 years…
Have you heard of;
Bloc Québecois?
Parti Québecois?
Quebec referenda (that’s plural – meaning more than one) ?
Bill 101? (Charter of French Language)
René Lévesque?
FLQ crisis?
Pauline Marois?
Daniel Paillé
Let’s look at the past 30 years…

14. Separatist victories FEDERAL Elections –
1993 – Bloc Québecois is official opposition
2011 – Bloc Québecois only wins 4 seats
But - Quebec Provincial Elections 2012
Parti Québecois wins and Pauline Marois is in charge.
So wait… do they want to separate or what?

15. 2 provincial referenda 1980 - Quebeckers vote 1995 – Quebeckers vote
Separate? – Oui? 40%
Non? 60%
1995 – Quebeckers vote
Separate? – Oui? 49.4%
Non? 50.6%
YIKES!! That was close!!

16. Let’s travel back in time… What’s it all about ?

17. A battle for New France Between BR and French settlers
Seven Years War ( )
Plains of Abraham, Wolfe vs. Montcalm
Treaty of Paris Control of New
France taken by Great Britain
General Wolfe

18. French Assimilation & Confederation
1791 New France divided into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario)
1840 Great Britain recommends French assimilation so merges Upper and Lower Canada into a ‘Province of Canada’ (a British colony)
1867 Canada starts to govern itself (Confederation)
Issues of regionalism emerge in new country

19. Leaping ahead… Other conflicts… Manitoba Schools
Laurier’s compromises:
Boer War
Naval Crisis
WWI Conscription
WWII Conscription again!
French Canadians are really feeling like an ignored minority
Leaping ahead…

20. Modernizing reforms under Premier Jean Lesage
The Quiet Revolution
1959, Maurice Duplessis dies
The “Great Darkness” ends
Modernizing reforms under Premier Jean Lesage
Government run health care & education
More control over industries
Develop science and technology
“Secularization”
“Maitres Chez Nous” or “Masters in our own house”.
New QC Premier
Jean Lesage- 1960

21. He is a FEDERALIST and does not believe in Quebec separation
Pierre Trudeau leaves Lesage’s team and the Quiet Revolution for federal politics
He is a FEDERALIST and does not believe in Quebec separation

22. Trudeau’s Just Society
We are all deserving of equality under Canadian law but we should not receive special treatment
The Official languages Act (1969)
Multicultarism Act (1971)

23. It all erupts in 1970 About the FLQ crisis
The terrorist FLQ kidnaps Pierre Laporte and James Cross
Their demands – a free and separate Quebec (among other things)
Pierre Trudeau – “the Government does not negotiate with terrorists”.
Laporte is assassinated but FLQ is captured.
About the FLQ crisis
Trudeau: Yes, well there are a lot of bleeding hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns. All I can say is, go on and bleed, but it is more important to keep law and order in the society than to be worried about weak-kneed people who don't like the looks of …
Reporter: At any cost? How far would you go with that? How far would you extend that?
Trudeau: Well, just watch me.

24. Are you René for this? Committed Francophone “common man”
Creator and leader of the PQ, an official separatist party in Quebec
Becomes QC Premier (1976)
René Lévesque

25. Bill 101 Bill 101 (1977): No English on outdoor signs.
Restricted access to English schools.

26. Quebec: A “Distinct” Society?
Parti Quebecois:
Canadian federalism could not address and protect the unique French language
and culture.
To consider:
What defines Québecoise culture?
Are a “Distinct” society and a “Just “ society compatible?

27. The Parti Quebecois
1980 referendum on Quebec Independence

28. Trudeau vs Levesque

29. The Result? The Referendum was held on May 20th, 1980: The Result?
60% for the Non
40% for the Oui

30. “Enough already!” – the Constitutional debate, 1981-2
Canada gets its own constitution and Charter of Rights.
All provinces had to sign but didn’t like the suggested special status for Quebec
It was removed so … Quebec refused to sign
Trudeau went ahead anyway
Two perspectives on what happened…
“Night of the Long Knives”
vs.
“The Kitchen Compromise”

31. The Constitution Act (1982)

32. Out with Trudeau in with Mulroney “I’ll get that signature”
New Que. Premier Robert Bourassa:
“We will only sign the constitution if it is amended with a ‘distinct society’ clause so that Quebec will have the powers to ‘protect and promote its distinct language and culture’
Read ‘The Constitution Debate’ pg what do you think?
Brian Mulroney and Robert Bourassa

33. Provinces meet at Meech to get it done (1987)
They agree!
They all have 3 years for their provincal parliaments to ratify the deal (commit)…
Are Aboriginal Canadians not “distinct”?
Read ‘The Meech Lake Accord’ on pg
The Meech Lake Accord

34. Meech Lake Accord Manitoba MLA Elijah Harper Nfld Premier Clyde Wells
The Accord died in June 1990
Manitoba MLA
Elijah Harper
Nfld Premier Clyde Wells

35. Growth in Quebec Separatism
Support for Quebec Separatism grew
Lucien Bouchard resigns from Mulroney’s cabinet and starts federal separatist party, the Bloc Quebecois
St Jean Baptiste Parade

36. If at first you don’t succeed try, try, try again

37. Charlottetown Accord Read pg 364-366 up to ‘The Quebec Referendum’
This is getting complicated!!!
End result- Mulroney quits!!!

38. Red = No, we don’t like it
Blue = Yes, adopt it

39. 1993 Federal Election
Official Opposition’s primary goal – break up the country.

40. Referendum again- 1995
Read ‘The Quebec Referendum, 1995’ pg

41. Article – Quebec Language Wars
2011 Federal Election
Vs.
2012 Provincial Separatist victory
Article – Quebec Language Wars

42. 2013- Minority PQ government suggests some changes

43. What have you decided? What are the roots of Quebec’s concerns?
Are there patterns in the history of Quebec – Canada relations ?
What should we do?