1. COMPANY INTRODUCTION
2010

2. AGENDA Introduction Core Business UV Basics and Advantages
Capabilities
Questions

3. TROJAN FOUNDING PRINCIPLE
Trojan is uniquely positioned to bring innovative, technology-based solutions to municipalities, industrial enterprises, and consumers to solve their water related and process problems in an environmentally responsible way.

4. TROJAN TODAY A Global Environmental Business with staff of 650
Canada London & Guelph (400)
US Multiple locations (175)
Europe Multiple locations (50)
China Multiple locations (25)
• Over 6,000 municipal UV installations on 6 continents, treating over 26 billion gallons/day, 4M m³/hr
• UV for municipal, industrial, commercial and consumer applications
• Environmental Contamination Treatment UV-H2O2 for removal of micro- pollutants, odour and corrosion control
• Partnerships: Over 200 offices in 90 countries on 6 continents
• Logistics & Manufacturing in Canada, US, Europe and China
Sales in 2009: US$ 220 M.

5. TROJAN UV COMPANY OVERVIEW
Over 30 years of UV water treatment experience
650+ employees worldwide
Annual turnover of US$220M in 2009
Thousands of UV installations in 6 continents
Worldwide sales & support
UV pioneers with dedicated R&D resources
ISO 9001 Certified, CE, DVGW, UL, CSA, NSF
Business unit of the Danaher Corporation (DHR)

6. DISINFECTION WATERBORNE MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms in drinking and waste water represent a risk to Public Health.
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
(E.coli)
(Hepatitis, Polio)
(Giardia)
(Cryptosporidium)

7. UV DISINFECTION HOW DOES IT WORK?
UV light at the 254 nm wavelength penetrates the cell wall of the microorganism.
The microorganism is “inactivated” and rendered unable to reproduce or infect.
UV Energy
Cell Wall
DNA
Nucleic Acid
Cytoplasmic
Membrane

8. UV AS PART OF MULTI-BARRIER STRATEGY
Typical Chlorine CT for Giardia
Chlorine
Disinfection
Adenovirus
UV Dose
Typical Design UV dose = 40mJ/cm2
UV Disinfection
Dual
Protection
Rotavirus
Second barrier to provide a protection to safeguard drinking water – inactivating virtually all microorganisms treated by chlorine and inactivation chlorine-resistant protozoa (giardia and cyrpto)‏
Poliovirus
Hepatitus A
Streptococcus
Legionella
Crypto
E.coli
Giardia
Chlorine CT 8

9. WHY UV? ADVANTAGES
Effective against bacteria, viruses, and protozoan pathogens
No disinfection by-products formed
Not affected by pH, temperature
Easy maintenance and operation
Environmentally friendly technology
Economical alternative to other disinfection techs

10. CORE BUSINESS DISINFECTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000 GPD to 1.5 MGD
Disinfection
1.5 MGD to 20 MGD
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses, Spores
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Private Potable Water
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water

11. CORE BUSINESS ORGANICS DESTRUCTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000 GPD to 1.5 MGD
Disinfection
1.5 MGD to 20 MGD
Organics Destruction
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa
Eg. Total Oxidizable Carbon (TOC)
Groundwater Remediation
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewater
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Private Potable Water
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water

12. CORE BUSINESS CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION
Trojan develops, builds, sells and services innovative UV technologies for:
25,000 GPD to 1.5 MGD
Disinfection
1.5 MGD to 20 MGD
Chemical Destruction
Organics Destruction
Eg. Bacteria, Viruses, Spores
Eg. Pesticides, oils, taste and color, corrosives medicines, carcinogens…
Eg. Total Oxidizable Carbon (TOC)
Groundwater Remediation
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewater
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Private Potable Water
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewaters
Consumer Drinking Water
Municipal Wastewater
Municipal Drinking Water
Groundwater Remediation
Industrial Process Water
Industrial Wastewater

13. UV DESINFECTION SYSTEMS

14. UV SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS
Control Panel with
Visual Displays
& Alarms
UV Lamps
UV Sensor
Power Supply (Ballasts)
Quartz
Sleeves
Sleeve Wiping
System
Reactor Chamber

15. ADVANTAGES OF UV DISINFECTION
UV disinfection is a physical process
No hazardous or toxic chemicals are used, eliminating public health concerns associated with THMs, HAAs or other carcinogenic by-products
UV inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogens, including Giardia and Cryptosporidium
Inactivation of chlorine-resistant parasites protect downstream recreational waters and surface waters used as a potable water source
UV disinfection takes only seconds to inactivate organisms
Since the contact times are short, the footprint required is minimal and existing chlorine contact tanks can be reused

16. ADVANTAGES OF UV DISINFECTION
UV disinfection does not leave a residual disinfectant
No de-chlorination or residual monitoring is required, which greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs
Receiving waters are not negatively impacted and there is no risk of overdosing
UV is an accepted, proven technology in thousands of installations around the world
UV is easily designed by consulting engineers and approved by regulatory bodies, thereby reducing engineering costs and reducing permit approval time
Upgradeable to UV oxidation or photolysis system
Treatment process can be upgraded to treat emerging contaminants, offsetting upgrade costs in the future

17. ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT
“Ultra” Beyond violet light. Consists of electromagnetic energy in the form of vacuum, c,b,a light. UVA is the light that will give us a sun burn
Curve- spectral curve of cell inactivation. UVC energy has the greatest potential for cell inactivation

18. UV light penetrates the cell wall
HOW DOES UV WORK?
UV light penetrates the cell wall
The UV energy permanently alters the DNA of the microorganism
Microorganisms are “inactivated” and unable to reproduce or infect
UV Energy
Cell Wall
DNA
Nucleic Acid

19. MECHANISM OF UV DISINFECTIONG T UV
DNA Double
Strand
Dimerization
of Thymine
Nucleotides
dimer
DNA
- DNA is a double helix structure with 4 different nucleotides
UV light has enough energy to physically manipulate adjacent thymine groups over thousands of locations throughout the DNA strand through a process called dimerization
-because of this dimerization of Thymine nucleotides the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms can no longer reproduce. Without the ability to reproduce, organisms pass through the host without causing illness.

20. UV Dose = Intensity x Retention Time
DEFINITION OF UV DOSE
UV Dose = Intensity x Retention Time
(mWs/cm2) (mW/cm2) (seconds)
Higher dose means greater DNA damage and more bugs are killed
Different bugs require different doses to achieve same kills (e.g. bacteria vs. viruses)
There are factors that effect the intensity and the time ultimately effecting dose.
Some factors are easily controlled such as equipment parameters and reactor designs however we have little control over the water quality upstream of the UV.

21. Intensity Retention Time
FACTORS AFFECTING UV DOSE
Intensity
Retention Time
Equipment Parameters
Lamp Spacing
Lamp Age
Sleeve Fouling (iron, calcium, etc)
Reactor Design
Water Quality Factors (related to upstream process)
UV Transmittance
Turbidity
Solids
Flow Rate

22. The ability of light to transmit through water
UV TRANSMITTANCE
The ability of light to transmit through water
The ratio of light entering the water to that exiting the water
Sample length of 1 cm
UV Transmission Scale:
20% - 50% 50% - 70% > 70%
Primary Effluent
Blended Effluent
Lagoons
CSO, SSO
Secondary Effluent
Filtered Effluent
WW Reuse
Fixed Film Effluent
Post-membrane
High-level reuse
Contaminant destruction

23. THE EFFECTS OF PARTICLES
UV Lamp
Scatter
UV Light
Complete
Penetration
Incomplete Penetration  limits DNA
damage
Shade
Particles

24. What is Fouling? QUARTZ SLEEVE FOULING
Accumulation of organic and inorganic material on the quartz surface
Absorbs UV light and decreases UV dose available for disinfection
All water fouls submerged surfaces
Rate of fouling influenced by various site-specific factors (water quality, hydraulics and velocities, sleeve surface condition)

25. LAMP AGING As lamps age the amount of UV output decreases
UV systems should be designed to deliver the required dose at the end of lamp life (EOLL) to ensure disinfection is met under worst case conditions
EOLL should be independently validated to guarantee the system meets the disinfection requirements

26. Parameter Description
UV SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
Parameter
Description
Flow Rates
Peak and Average
Water Quality
UV Transmission (%)
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)
TSS size and density
Total Iron (mg/l)
Upstream Treatment
Suspended Growth or Fixed Film
Filtration?
Performance Criteria
UV Dose or Disinfection Limit
Configuration
Footprint or Headloss Limits
Redundancy
Regulated or preferred

27. UV SYSTEM VALIDATION
As microbes flow through a UV reactor they will all follow a different path
Some will receive a high dose and some a lower dose
To account for these differences, “Validated” reactors should be used
“Validation” involves a full-scale test of the UV system involving live microbes

28. BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Step 1: Develop UV dose response data under controlled laboratory conditions
Viable Microbial Population 10 1 2 3 5 4 6
Dose
Challenge Organism
Dose Response 20 30 40 50
Dose Response Curve
UV Lamp
Sample
Stirrer
Collimated Beam

29. BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Step 2: Inject test organism into full scale reactor to measure inactivation. Use organism from same culture.
Organisms
in (No)
Organisms
out (N)
UV Reactor

30. BIODOSIMETERY DETERMINATION
Step 3: Determine dose from data in Steps 1 and 2 10 1 2 3 5 4 6
Dose 20 30 40 50
Viable Microbial Population
Challenge Organism Dose Response
Inactivation of test organism in
reactor
UV Dose equivalent delivered
by the reactor

31. UV SYSTEM DESIGN CURVES
Validation get us these curves
Dose response curves for different UVT’s
As mentioned earlier, Intensity (UVT) and flow have a significant effect on dose.
So many things will have an effect on UV Dose. Hydraulics, quality, lamps.
With all these factors taken into consideration and the direct relationship between water clarity and UV reactor sizing mentioned above, how do we know how to correctly size the reactor?.... Validation testing

32. GERMICIDAL UV LAMPS

33. UV LIGHT AND ABSORBANCE
254 nm
100
LP lamp
spectrum 80 60 40
DNA Damage 20
RELATIVE UNITS 10 8
EColi inactivation 6
MP lamp
spectrum 4 2
200
220
240
260
280
300 nm
UVC
UVB

34. QUESTIONS?
QUESTIONS?
Thank you for your co-operation and attention.