1. Andy K. Valickis, P.Eng. Jim Shubat May 7, 2013
OWWA/OMWA Joint Annual Conference May 5 – 8, 2013 Ottawa, Ontario Killaloe Water System, AVIVETM Water Treatment and Huwa-San Peroxide
Andy K. Valickis, P.Eng.
Jim Shubat
May 7, 2013

2. Problem
To find a cost effective solution to reduce the high level of THMs in the Killaloe Water System

3. Killaloe Water System Small system – only 90+ connections
Owned by the Township of Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards
Operated by OCWA
Groundwater wells
GUDI with in-situ filtration
Treatment for iron and manganese removal
UV discharging to clearwells
Long residency time in clearwells and distribution system (3 to 5 days)
THM levels near or over the 100 µg/L limit
Individual samples as high as 140 µg/L

4. Solution AVIVETM Water Treatment system from SanEcoTec
Using Huwa-San peroxide (HSP) New form of stabilized peroxide that maintains its residual (equivalent if not better than chlorine)
NSF approved as a residual for drinking water
Used successfully in Europe in drinking water since 2004
Use HSP for secondary disinfection in the clearwells and distribution system
No chlorine to produce THMs

5. Advantages of AVIVETM and HSP
Does not breakdown to form THMs or other chlorine based DBPs
Attacks biofilm on pipe walls
Very strong oxidizer
Longer lasting residual
Easy to use for operators
Similar to sodium hypochlorite
No chlorine taste in the drinking water
Significant consumer acceptance

6. Project Approach Met with MOE (regulators)
Essential to get their buy-in
Sold the concept to the Township staff and Council
Including our own operations staff
Numerous consultation meetings with MOE Approvals and Health Unit staff
Undertook baseline monitoring and sampling
Public notification

7. Baseline Monitoring and Sampling
THM formation
Historical THM concentration data available but not where along the process are the majority of the THMs formed
Undertook jar testing to develop a baseline and confirm HSP works
ATP testing of the existing system
Baseline of microbial activity within distribution system
Undertaken over a number of weeks
Other testing
HPC, Total Coliform, E.Coli
Metals testing (copper, lead, iron, manganese)
Residential hot water systems
Microbiological testing includes Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC), Total Coliform and E.Coli testing
Metals testing includes Copper, Lead, Iron and Manganese testing (copper and lead were part of Schedule D of regulatory requirements)

8. ATP Testing - Luminultra
Measures Adenosine Triphosphate
A chemical found in living microorganisms
Quantitative indication of microbial activity in a sample
Results in 5 minutes
Indication of the amount of biofilm on pipe walls
Testing equipment loaned to this project by Luminultra
Sampling and testing undertaken by staff from OCWA and Fleming College’s CAWT
Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment – Brent Wootton

9. System Design Still need chlorine to achieve CT requirements
Chlorine added to incoming raw well water
Used residency time in contactor tanks and pipes (before UV) to achieve CT
HSP added immediately after UV system
Measure chlorine levels then adjust HSP dosing to quench chlorine + enough to maintain minimum secondary disinfection residual of 3 mg/L
With the quenching of the chlorine, THM formation immediately ceases
Issue of backwashing contactors with “peroxidated” water
Filter to waste until chlorine levels restored
The Drinking Water License states that any result that indicates that the Hydrogen Peroxide residuals are below 1 milligram per litre in either the distribution system or plumbing connected to the distribution system, shall be considered an observation made under Section 16-4 (Duty to Report Other Observations)
The MOE has stated that it wants to have residuals of less than 8 mg/L (NSF single product allowable concentration for hydrogen peroxide is 8 mg/L) in the distribution system, but would not be considered out of compliance.
Therefore a target range of 1 mg/L to 8 mg/L

10. MOE Approvals Regulatory Relief Amendment to the DWWP
Sections from O. Reg. 170/03 under the Safe Drinking Water Act
Amendment to the DWWP
Additional sampling and reporting for initial 3 months
Voluntary sampling (i.e. residential hot water systems)
Schedule 1-5(1), respecting the requirement for provision of water treatment equipment that is designed to be capable of secondary disinfection using chlorination or chloramination.
Schedule 6-3(1)(a), respecting the collection of a sample for free chlorine residual at the same time and location at which a water sample is taken and tested for a microbiological parameter.
2.1.3 Schedule 6-5(1), respecting the use of continuous monitoring equipment for sampling and testing, for free chlorine residual in a distribution sample.
2.1.4 Schedule 6-7(1), respecting chlorine residual testing, for free chlorine residual in a distribution sample.
2.1.5 Sections 7-2 (3) of Schedule 7, respecting the collection of distribution system samples and testing for free chlorine residual.
2.1.6 Section 16-3 (1) 4 of Schedule 16, respecting the prescription of a result indicating a concentration of free chlorine residual of less than 0.05 milligrams per litre in a distribution grab sample or a domestic hot water plumbing sample taken as per Table 9 of this Schedule, as an adverse result under Section 18 of the Act.
2.1.7 Section 18-4 (1, 2, 2.1) of Schedule 18, respecting corrective actions to be taken in the event of an adverse result for free chlorine residual in accordance with section 16-3(1) 4 of Schedule 16.

11. Equipment
Very similar to what is required for feeding and monitoring sodium hypochlorite
Chemical feed pumps (off the shelf)
Peroxide residual monitors (supplied by Kramer)
Handheld units for sampling in distribution system

12. Results
HSP system was commissioned and went live in late November 2012
Immediate THM reduction
Initially down to µg/L range
Current levels are in the µg/L range
HSP residuals maintained throughout the distribution system
Water quality during the changeover was not affected
HAAs were also significantly reduced
Before 55 to 67 µg/L range; after 8.4 µg/L

13. HSP Residuals

14. THM Reduction SGS Canada Test Results (POST-HSP)
Jan 3, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water, 26 ug/L for 12 Coll St.
Jan 13, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water
Feb 13, 2013 – 25 ug/L for treated water, 26 ug/L for 181 Queen St.
Mar 26, 2013 – 20 ug/L for treated water, 21 ug/L for 12 Coll St.
Apr 02, 2013 – 23 ug/L for treated water, 22 ug/L for 12 Coll St.
Post-HSP

15. ATP Testing Results Pre-HSP Post-HSP
ATP Results taken from 12 Coll St. (Residential Unit). Values shown here are not considered high ATP test results. Overall, it seemed that Killaloe did not have biofilm issues (pre or post).

16. Residential Hot Water Systems (Microbiological Activity)
Pre-HSP
Post-HSP
Hydrogen peroxide residual testing in hot water system is not part of MOE requirements however, a set of hot water testing was completed at the visitor centre from Dec 3-6 with a maximum residual reading of 2.5 mg/L on Monday, December 3rd. The treated water residual leaving the plant was 11.9 mg/L.
Post-HSP

17. Conclusions Project a big success!
Significant reduction in the DBPs produced
Proved HSP can retain a disinfecting residual equivalent to or better than chlorine
Significant consumer acceptance of their “new” tap water
We finally have a viable alternative to chlorinating our water supplies

18. Special Thanks