2. Words and Idioms: To break your neck 尽一切努力去 做某件事情 I wish Sam would study harder, because I am breaking my neck to scrap up the money to keep him in college.

3. To stick your neck out 不顾一切, 担风险 I admire our congressman- he’s one politician who’s not afraid to stick his neck out and say what he really thinks,even if it costs him some votes.

4. Discovering useful structures Would you tell which of these sentences are commands?And which are requests?

5. 1.Close the door. 2. Would you please help me carry the case? 3. Get me something to drink! 4. Could you lend me 100 yuan? 5. Please turn off the lights. 6. Don’t smoke here. 7. Will you clean the blackboard? 8. Clean the table please.

6. Conclusion Commands: Do… Do not do… Requests: Do…please. Can you …? Could you…? Will you…? Would you…? Conclusion Commands: Do… Do not do… Requests: Do…please. Can you …? Could you…? Will you…? Would you…?

7. If we want to change commands and requests into indirect speech,we should do like this: Commands: sb. told /orded sb. (not) to do sth. Requests: sb. asked sb. (not) to do sth.

8. Practice: Change these sentences into Indirect Speech 1. He said to me, “ Don’t smoke in this room.” 2. He said to me, “ Please don’t smoke in this room.” 3. He said to me, “ Could you please help me with my work?”

9. Change these sentences into Direct Speech 1. The landlady asked him to put his coat on the bed. 2. The young father told his children not to move. 3. Mother told me to lock the door after midnight.

10. Reading and talking Standard English and Dialects

11. dialect A form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country

12. 1.Is there such a thing as standard English? 2.Why do people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English? 3. What does “dialect” mean in the text? 4. Why does American English have many dialects? Read and answer the following questions: 1. No. There is no such a thing as standard English. 2. It is because in the early days of radios, those who reported the news are expected to speak excellent English. 3. Dialect is the language that uses words and expressions different form “standard” English. 4. This is because people come from all over the world. And geography plays an important part in making dialects.

13. 1. What is standard English? standard adj. 普通的 ; 标准大小的汽车 a car of standard size n. 标准 他给自己定下了高标准. He sets himself a high standard. by… standard 按 … 的标准 standard of living 生活水准 raise/ lower standard 提高 / 降低标准 of high/low standard 具有高 / 低标准的 a man of high standard

14. 2. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as standard English. believe it or not “ 信不信由你 ”, 在句中作插 入语. 信不信由你，昨晚来过你家但你不在。  Believe it or not, I came to your house yesterday evening but you were out.

15. Answer to reading task(P52)

16. Notes on Murray’s life Country Education Job Most important task Its difficulties: Qualities needed: Who worked on it Date of completion Other information Scotland Village school then taught himself Work in a bank, a teacher Murray,his two daughters and other editors 1928 It took forty-four years to finish

17. Its difficulties: Qualities needed:  Worked in a shed in his garden and behind his house.  Work alone at first.  Very cold; he had to wear a coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.  No electric light; he worked at night with candles.  Hard work, interest in the job, patience

18. Commands: Do/Don’t……. Requests: Do……, please Can you……? Could you…..? Will you…….? Would you……?

19. Situation A A: Excuse me. Who could help me to close the door? B: Speak louder, please. A: Will you please close the door? B: Ok, I will A: Thank you very much B: My pleasure.

21. “Open the door.” he said.

22. 祈使句的直接引语 和间接引语 1. 表示命令的祈使句的间接引语 句型： tell/order sb (not) to do sth 1) “Open the door.” he said. 2) “Put up your hand.” he said. 3) “Be quiet.” The teacher said to the students. He told/ordered me to open the door. He ordered/told me to put up my hand. The teacher told/ordered the students to be quite.

23. 4) “Don’t sleep in class.” the teacher said to the students. The teacher told the students not to sleep in class. 5) “Don’t laugh at others.”his parents said. His parents told him not to laugh at others. 6) “Don’t touch anything.” he said to him. He told him not to touch anything.

24. 2. 表示请求的祈使句的变成间接引语 句型： ask/beg sb (not) to do sth 1) “Please open your book.” the teacher said. The teacher asked the students to open the book. 2) “Please don’t leave me.” she said to him. She begged him not to leave her. 3) “Please turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.”the teacher said to him. The teacher asked him to turn off the lights when he left the classroom.

25. 3. 表示请求的一般疑问句的间接引语 句型： ask/beg sb (not) to do sth 1)“Would you please open the window”he said. He asked me to open the window. 2) “ May I borrow your pen.” he said. He asked me to lend him my pen.

26. Answers to the workbook

27. Answers to exercises 3(P50 translation): 1.He went abroad and worked for half a year, but he came back before he finished his work because of his illness. 2.They have made a request for international help. 3.With a polite smile, Victoria went into the house and shut the door. 4.Tim likes to give commands, but none of us will listen to him.

28. 5. Betty said that she’d come up to our house this morning, but just now she phoned us to say that she couldn’t come because her child had had an accident and she had to take him to the hospital.

29. Answers to exercises 2 (P50): 1.Go and light the fire at once. 2.Could you go and get the shopping bags,please? 3.Could you close the door, please? 4.Bring my coat here! 5.Could you return my book today?

30. Could you speak that more slowly ? Sorry, I cant follow you. How do you spell it? What is…? What can I do for you? Would you tell me the way to the…?

31. Go straight ahead and cross three streets.The…is on your left-hand side. Please follow me. I can take you to the…. Flat means apartment. Do you mean…?

32. review: Direct into indirect speech: 1.“Don’t open your books,” the teacher said to us. 2. “please give me some food?” the man said. The teacher told us not to open our books. The man asked me to give him some food.

33. Pardon? I beg your pardon? I don’t understand. Could you say that again, please? Could you repeat that ? Sorry, I can’t follow you How do you spell it, please?

34. Translation 1. He went abroad and worked for half a year, but came back before he finished his work because of his illness. 2. They have made a request for international help. 3. With a polite smile, Victoria went into the house and shut the door.

35. 4. Tim likes to give commands, but none of us will listen to him. 5. Betty said she would come up to our house this morning, but just now she phoned us to say that she couldn’t come because her child had had an accident and she had to take him to the hospital.

36. Listen and find out the information related to the following years:

37. Homework: 1. Preview reading task on page 51 and make notes about Murray’s life.

38. How to learn English well?

39. 3. He said, “I can do it for you.” 4. “Are you leaving this evening?” John asked me. 5. He said, “How soon will you finish your work?” 6. “Please come with me, Tom,” said she. He said that he could do it for me. John asked me if I was leaving that evening. He asked how soon I would finish my work. She told Tom to go with her.