1. Day 1
Exploring the West

2. Words to Know Gap- a low place between mountains.
Pioneer- an early settler.
Consequence- what happens due to an action.

3. Immigrants and Pioneers
Immigrants – people who settled in America from different countries.
Pioneers – people who explore unexplored land.
Cumberland Gap - an old Native American trail that went over the Appalachian Mountains.
Daniel Boone – one of the best known pioneers
Daniel Boone widened the trail through the Cumberland Gap and named it The Wilderness Road
In 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state.

4. Americans Continue West
Crowded cities led to westward expansion.
Towns developed along rivers because of travel and moving goods.
Westward expansion leads to more states.
1796 Tennessee became the 16th state.

5. The United States Must expand
In 1801 Thomas Jefferson was elected president.
The nation is growing and more and more people are moving west.
Our country needed to expand because we did not have an American port in the southwest to ship goods.
The problem with expanding our borders was that France owned the territory that limited us from expanding.
Thomas Jefferson offered the leader of France, Napolean Bonaparte, to buy the land (over 800,000 square miles).
Napoleon Bonaparte offered to sell the land for 15 million dollars.
On April 30, 1803, the United States agreed to pay France 15 million dollars for the territory. This was called the Louisiana Purchase.
In 1819 the United States bought Florida from Spain.

7. Explorers of the Wild Wild West
After the Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson wanted to learn more about the unexplored land.
Jefferson appointed two men to explore the land; Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
Along with Lewis and Clark, 40 other people also went along with the explorers. This group was called the Corps of Discovery.
Lewis and Clark was instructed to collect plants and animals, draw maps of the land, collect information about the land, and keep a detailed journal.
In May 1804, Lewis and Clark set out from St. Louis.
Through Lewis and Clark’s journey, they meet a Native American woman named Sacagawea who helped guide them through the Rocky Mountains.
In November 1805 Lewis and Clark finally reached the Pacific Ocean. They had traveled over 3,000 miles.

8. Explorers of the wild wild west
Another explorer of the west was Zebulon Pike.
In 1806 he explored what is now Colorado.
Pikes Peak in Colorado is named after him.
He helped start trading between Americans and Spanish settlers

9. Day 2
Expanding Borders

10. Words to Know
Impressment – forcing opposing soldiers to work for enemy military.
National Anthem – the official song of the country.
Nationalism – pride in one’s country.
Assimilate – adopt.

11. Troubles Grow
As pioneers moved west, they often settled on Native American land.
The United States forced the Native Americans out.
As the United States forced the Native Americans out, Britain encouraged them to stay and stand up against the United States

12. The War of 1812
In 1812, James Monroe was the President of the United States.
After Britain impressments several soldiers of the United States Navy, Monroe declares war on Britain in 1812.
Most of the battles were on American soil.
British attacked and burned Washington D.C. along with the White House and the Capital.
The next big British attack was in Baltimore, Maryland.
During the attack on Baltimore the national anthem was born. “The Star Spangled Banner”
A treaty was signed ending the war.
The war with Britain sparked nationalism.
Nationalism sparked the Monroe Doctrine, named after President James Monroe.
The Monroe Doctrine says that the United States will not let any European countries start new colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

13. Extending Democracy
When the country is founded only white men who owned land could vote.
In 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected president
In 1828 Andrew Jackson passed a bill allowing all white men to vote, “Jacksonian Democracy”.

14. The Indian Removal Act Look at picture p. 368
Trying to stay on their land in Georgia, Cherokee Indians tried to assimilate to the ways of the white settlers.
More and more people began moving onto Cherokee lands.
The Cherokee did not like white settlers moving onto their land.
In 1830 Andrew Jackson pass a law called: The Indian Removal Act.
The Indian Removal Act forced The Cherokee and other Indian tribes to move to a designated area called: The Indian Territory. Present day Oklahoma.

15. The Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears (over 800 miles long) is the trail that the Indians used to get to the Indian Territory.
One out of every four Indians died on the Trail of Tears.
In 1836, President Martin Van Burean sent military forces to force the remaining Indians off their land.

16. Day 3
From Ocean to Ocean

17. Words to Know
Dictator – a leader who has complete control of the government.
Annex – added on to.
Ford – to cross.
Manifest Destiny – the idea that the United States was meant to stretch from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean.
Cession – to give something up.
Gold Rush – a rush of people looking for gold.
Forty-Niners – people who traveled to California in search of gold in 1849.

18. Texas Independence
In 1821 Mexico controlled much of the southwest including Texas.
The Mexican government did not like Americans moving onto their land.
The Mexican dictator, Santa Anna sent troops to Texas to enforce Mexican laws onto Americans.
Fighting broke out.
The fight lasted for 13 days.
On March 6 the Mexican army won.
After this battle, the followers lead by Sam Houston, declared themselves as independent.
On April 21, the Texas army attacked Santa Anna, and captured him.
In return for his freedom, he granted Texas it’s independence.
Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845.

19. Oregon Trail
Mormon Trail
Trail began in Independence, Missouri and ended at Fort Vancouver.
Pioneers traveled in covered wagons but many people walked.
Trail began in Nauvoo, Illinois and ended in Salt Lake City, Utah.
The trail was over 1,000 miles long.
Trails West

20. The Mexican-American War
Conflict with Britain
The Mexican-American War
Americans believed in manifest destiny: the idea that the U.S. was meant to stretch from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean.
Britain agreed to sign a treaty to award the Oregon Territory to the United States.
President James A. Polk offered to buy California for 30 million dollars; Mexico refused.
Mexico attacked U.S. soldiers in south Texas.
United States declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846.
The United States defeated Mexico on September 14, 1847 in Mexico City.
United States bought the Mexican Cession for 15 million dollars.
Expanding Borders

21. California Gold Rush In 1848, James Marshall found gold in California.
The word about finding gold spread throughout the nation.
Over 90,000 people in 1849 rushed to California, ‘forty-niners‘.
People from all over the world came to California to try and find gold.
The gold rush brought great changes to California.
By the end of 1849, California’s population was over 100,000.
In 1850 California became a state.

22. New Ideas and Inventions
Day 4
New Ideas and Inventions

23. Words to Know Canal – manmade waterway that connects bodies of water.
Lock – a section of water, held by two gates.
Locomotives – railway engines.
Industrial Revolution – change in manufacturing; using machines to produce goods.
Cotton Gin – machine that removed the seeds from cotton.
Interchangeable Parts – parts produced by machines that are alike.

24. Transportation Congress build the ‘National Road’ in 1818.
Roads
Canals
Congress build the ‘National Road’ in 1818.
The National Road connected Maryland to West Virginia.
Shipping goods over land was extremely slow.
In 1817, Erie Canal was built between Lake Erie and the Hudson River.
The Erie Canal took 8 years to build, 363 miles long, and it contained 83 locks.
The Erie Canal made shipping easier.
Transportation

25. Steamboats
Railroads
In 1807, Robert Fulton used a steam engine to power his boat, the Clermont.
Steamboats became the main form of travel on large rivers across the nation.
In 1830, Peter Cooper built the first American locomotive, the Tom Thumb.
Railroads grew quickly.
Railway was faster, and cheaper than steamboats.
By 1850 there were over 9,000 miles of railroad track across the country.
Transportation

26. The Industrial Revolution
During the 1800s new inventions changed the way people lived and worked in America, this was called The Industrial Revolution.
Mills in America were copied from the Britains.
Women and children worked in mills and factories.

27. More Inventions
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that removed the seeds from cotton.
Eli Whitney also invented interchangeable parts for guns.
In 1832 Cyrus McCormick invented a machine for harvesting grain.
In 1837 John Deere invented a steel plow.
In 1837 Samuel F. Morse invented a new and faster way of communication called the telegraph.