1. Chem101-2P

2. Second chapter 1) Forms and states of matter. 2) Symbols and formulas used to express matter. 3) Dalton’s atomic theory. 4) Different forms of energy. 5) Heat energy.

3. Matter Matter is anything that can occupy space and has mass.

4. Matter has three states 1)Solid 2)Liquid 3)Gas

5. Matter can be assembled in three ways 1)Elements 2) Compounds 3) Mixtures

6. Element A “pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler pure substances.”

7. Compound “Compounds are pure substances made from two or more elements always combined in a proportion by mass that is both definite and unique for the compound.”

8. Mixtures “A mixture consists of two or more pure substances that are present in a proportion that can vary considerably.”

9. Pure substance A substance is considered a pure substance if it obeys the law of definite proportions.

10. Law of definite proportions “In a given chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass.”

11. Law of conservation of mass “In any chemical reaction the sum of the masses of the reactants always equal the sum of the masses of the products.” Matter can not be created spontaneously nor can it be destroyed

12. Chemical symbols The symbols that represent elements one upper case letter or one upper case and one lower case letter

13. Chemical formula empirical formula “The atomic symbols of the elements making up the compound (and) are displayed in the smallest possible whole number ratio that corresponds to the compound’s actual atom ratio,”

14. Formula units “Particles that have the composition of the formula of a compound.”

15. Dalton’s atomic theory 1. “Matter consists of definite particles called atoms.” 2. “Atoms are indestructible.” 3. “All atoms of one particular element are identical in mass.” 4. “Atoms of different elements have different masses.” 5. “By becoming bound together in different ways, atoms form compounds in definite rations by atoms.”

16. Energy “The ability to cause change.” Exists in two main states.

17. Kinetic energy “Energy associated with motion.” KE=1/2mv2

18. Potential energy “Stored energy.” Chemical energy is the potential energy that chemicals have through “virtue of their compositions.”

19. The law of conservation of energy “The total energy of the universe is constant and can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed.”

20. Heat energy Energy that moves between objects that can if intense enough change the matter- state that said object Measured in calories

21. Molecular kinetic energy The movement of molecules and other particles Generates heat