1. Organohalides R-X C-F, C-Cl, C-Br or C-I bonds 1-chloroethane dichloromethane

2. 2-bromopentane1-bromo-2-chloroethane 1,3-difluorobenzene

3. Alcohols R-OH methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol 1-propyl alcohol2-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol

4. ++ ++ ++ -- -- -- The physical properties of alcohols are dominated by hydrogen bonding. Ethanol, B.P. 78.3° versus propane, - 42 °

5. Ethers R- O-R diethyletherethylmethylether No hydrogen bonding diethylether B.P. 35° pentane B.P. 36°

6. Carboxylic Acids R-CO 2 H formic acid propionic acidbutyric acid acetic acid

7. pKa = 4.75 pKa = 16 Carboxylic acids are much more acidic than are alcohols.

8. acetate propanoate butanoate Carboxylates

9. Esters RCO 2 R ethyl acetate methyl butanoate

10. salicylic acid aspirin

11. Amines R-NH 2 ethylamine dimethylamine triethylamine

12. Amides R-CONH 2

13. Ketones 2-butanone 2-propanone or acetone

14. Aldehydes butanalpropanal