5. A Nation Divided 1820-1865 l 1800s were a time of growth and success for the U.S. l North and South were very different.

7. A Nation Divided 1820-1865 l South was farms and plantations, where most of the work was done by slaves. l North was small farms and factories with no slaves.

9. A Nation Divided 1820-1865 l As new states entered, the North and South argued whether they would be slave or free states. l This disagreement would not be resolved peacefully.

13. The Abolitionist Movement l Abolitionists wanted to free slaves and abolish slavery. l Argued that slavery was against our democratic principles.

15. The Abolitionist Movement l Declaration of Independence stated that “all men are created equal” and all men are entitled “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

17. The Abolitionist Movement l Abolitionists argued that “all men” included slaves.

18. The Underground Railroad l Helped slaves escape the South into free states or Canada. l “Railroad” was a network of homes and farms where slaves could go for shelter.

20. The Underground Railroad l Code words were used for secrecy. l “Station” was a hiding place. l “Conductor” was the guide.

21. The Underground Railroad l The most heavily traveled route went through Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania.

22. John Brown l White abolitionists who organized an attack on the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (1859). l Planned to distribute the guns to slaves for a revolt.

26. Lucretia Coffing Mott l Philadelphia Quaker minister. l Helped organize the National Antislavery Society with William Lloyd Garrison.

27. Lucretia Coffing Mott l She was a also a leader in the struggle for woman’s right to vote.

29. William Lloyd Garrison l The most outspoken champion of the abolitionist cause l Called the Constitution "a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell"

31. William Lloyd Garrison l Published the first issue of the Liberator in 1831 and continued to use its pages to agitate for reform for the next 35 years.

33. Frederick Douglas l Abolitionists who was born a slave in Maryland (1817) l Escaped to New York in 1838 and later settled in Massachusetts.

35. Frederick Douglas l Founder of The North Star l “the simplest truths often meet the sternest resistance and are slowest in getting general acceptance.”

36. Harriet Beecher Stowe l Teacher and wife of a minister who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. l Book became a best-seller and convinced many that slavery should end.

38. Sojourner Truth l A slave in New York until 1827. l Traveled the country speaking out against slavery.

40. Harriet Tubman l Ran away from her Maryland plantation. l One of the most famous conductors, guiding some 300 slaves to freedom.

42. Harriet Tubman l Offered forty thousand dollars for her capture. l “On my underground railroad I never run my train off the track and I have never lost a passenger.”

45. Abraham Lincoln 1858 “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe that this government cannot last as long as America is half slave and half free.” Abraham Lincoln 1858

46. The Dred Scott Decision l Missouri slave who moved to Illinois with his master’s family. l Sued for freedom, claiming that having lived in a free state made him free.

48. The Dred Scott Decision l Case went to the Supreme Court. l Paid for by abolitionists. l Court ruled that he could not sue because he was property not a citizen.

49. “no rights which any white man was bound to respect.” Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote that Scott had “no rights which any white man was bound to respect.”

51. The Dred Scott Decision l Most Southerners were pleased. l Northern anti-slavery groups were enraged.

52. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) l Lincoln was unknown. l He challenged the pro- slavery Stephen A. Douglas to a series of debates.

54. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) l The debates drew large crowds and national attention. l Lincoln lost but his performances made him famous.

56. Compromise of 1820 l Rice, cotton and sugar plantations in the South depended on slaves. l South demanded that slavery be allowed in new western states.

58. Compromise of 1820 l 1919 Missouri applies for admission to the Union as a slave state. l Control of Senate would go to the South. (12 vs 11)

60. Compromise of 1820 l Northerners proposed abolishing slavery in Missouri setting off a bitter argument. l Henry Clay of Kentucky worked out a compromise.

62. The Missouri Compromise l Missouri entered the Union as slave state. l Maine entered the Union as free state.

63. The Missouri Compromise l Except Missouri, slavery was banned in all other territories gained in the Louisiana Purchase north of Missouri’s southern border.

64. The Compromise of 1850 l 1850 Congress had to decide if California would be slave or free. l Decide whether territory gained from Mexican War would be free or not.

66. The Compromise of 1850 l Henry Clay of Kentucky, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and Daniel Webster of Massachusetts came up with a compromise.

67. The Compromise of 1850 l California entered Union as free state. l Mexican territory was divided into New Mexico and Utah. Could decide to be free or not.

69. The Compromise of 1850 l Against the law to buy or sell slaves, but not to own slaves. l Fugitive Slave Act made it possible to go after runaway slaves.