1. ENGR 214 Conservation Principles in Continuum Mechanics Walter E. Haisler Professor of Aerospace Engineering 719C H.R. Bright Bldg.

2. To Do Today Textbook: Available from Copy Corner, $21 Web page: http://aeromaster.tamu.edu/haisler/engr214 Listserv: Sign-up at listserv@listserv.tamu.edu (see instructions in syllabus) Team Organization: Complete information form REMINDERS Review (work) Problems at end of Chapter 1 Vector and Matrix Review Review Syllabus

3. COMPUTER ACCOUNTS All users will be required to use an individual user name to gain access to the computers in this lab. Your user name will be the initials of your first and last name and the last 5 digits of your social security number. Example: John David Smith 123-45-6789, User name would be js56789 If you have a hyphenated name, experiment since it may be either way! Example: Mary Doe-Smith 123-45-6789, the User name would be md56789, but it might be entered as ms56789 Your password will be the same as your user name and when you log on for the first time you will be prompted to change your password. If you forget your password you will need to go to room 340C (Mark Hopcus) to request a new one. You will need to bring your student ID when requesting a new password.

4. THE BASIC CONSERVATION PRINCIPLE some of IT + the rest of IT = all of IT IT = whatever you are counting/conserving (perhaps a little too simple!?)

5. The General Accounting/Conservation Statement

6. CONTINUUM A SYSTEM which has MASS and VOLUME AND whose PROPERTIES and RESPONSE to INPUT are continuous FUNCTIONS of SPACE and TIME and have continuous derivatives (USUALLY DESCRIBED BY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS)

7. What is the difference between ENGR 211 and 214 approaches to Conservation Principles? ENGR 211 ENGR 214 the free-body diagram of the problem System vs. Continuum Macro vs. Micro Scale Entire Body vs. Differential Element the equations for the problem Global vs. Local Equations Algebraic vs. Differential Equations

8. SOME THOUGHTS FROM THE INSTRUCTOR (on learning and life) I cannot teach you everything or show you the solution to every problem in the world; therefore, you must learn the basic principles and procedures and not solutions to specific problems. Taking responsibility for your own actions, words and station-in-life allows you (forces you) to grow as a person. You will find, when you die, that that part of yourself which you gave to others does not die with you. Probably the most important thing you will learn in life are kindness, honesty, humility and love for one another.

10. Lets consider some real-world examples and see what Conservation Principles apply and what information they provide. Turbine Engine Heat Transfer Problem Structure

11. PW500 Turbine ENGINE

12. Based on your knowledge from ENGR 211, 212; what analysis and design information can you determine? Mass flow rates Average velocities Other ? What further information about the solution and design would be desirable in order to have a better understanding?

13. Temperature and Stress Distribution in a Heated Pipe

14. Insulated Walls

15. Simple Truss-Girder Bridge

16. Another Bridge - Does the assumption of truss members still hold?

17. What is the Force Distribution? Under your foot while standing? Is it uniform? What is the force per unit area? Force distribution on an automobile tire (where it contacts the pavement)? Is it uniform? Force distribution on an automobile tire (when skidding)? Both normal and shear forces? Inside a Diving Board?

18. Force Distribution inside Diving Board? Suppose we just pulled on the diving board? What is the internal axial force distribution in the board?

19. Force Distribution inside Diving Board? Suppose we have a transverse load as shown above? What is the internal axial force distribution in the board?

20. Force Distribution inside Diving Board? Suppose we have a transverse load as shown above? What is the internal shear force distribution in the board?

21. Force Distribution inside Diving Board? Notice that in this case the internal forces are distributed in some fashion over the cross-section. For a long slender beam, the internal axial force varies linearly from top to bottom (max at top or bottom, zero at center), the internal shear force varies parabolicly (max at center, zero at top and bottom). These distributed internal forces are applied over an area and are called stresses (force per unit area).

22. Sign Support Structure What types of loads need to be considered? Material selection? What type of analyses need to be done? Steel Aluminum Other? Truss Torsion of post Bending of post Weight of structure Wind loads Vehicle impact