1. Modal

3. Now, lets see how Modals are used in the above slide! And why are they used!

4. Modal verbs 1.Definition 2.Structure 3.How to use them

5. Modal verbs 1. Definition – A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb taht is used to indicate modality. Likelihood Ability Permission Possibility Requests Ect.

6. Modal verbs List of modal verbs Can Could May Might Will Would Shall Should Ought to Must

7. Modal verbs 2. Structure SubjectModal verbMain verbComplement I You He/She/It We They must can should may will goto sleep. drinksome water. eatsome food. dosome exercise. Always use the base form of the verb after the modal verb.

8. Modal verbs A.Modal verbs do not add « s » or « es » to the third person singular.

9. Modal verbs Simple I could work He could work It could work They could work Perfect I could have worked He could have worked It could have worked They could have worked Continuous I could be working He could be working It could be working They could be working Perfect Continuous I could have been working He could have been working It could have been working They could have been working

10. Modal verbs B. Modal verbs don’t need auxiliaries to form negative or questions. e.g. She should stay. She doesn’t should stay. She shouldn’t stay. C. Modal verbs don’t have infinitives or –ing forms. e.g. canning to would

11. Modal verbs How to use… Can UseExemple Ability/PossibilityThey can control their own work. ImpossibilityWe can’t fix it. Asking for permissionCan I bring a friend? RequestCan you help me please?

12. Modal verbs Could UseExample PermissionCould I borrow your dictionnary? RequestCould you repeat that please? PossibilityI think we could have another tea. FutureI wish Paul could meet me next week. AbilityHe gave up his old job so he could work with us.

13. Modal verbs May UseExample PermissionMay I have another cup of coffee please? PossibilityI may finish my homework after dinner.

14. Modal verbs Might UseExample PossibilityIt might be raining later on today.

15. Modal verbs Ought to UseExample Advise/recommendation Probability You ought to thank him. She ought to exercise more. She ought to have the package by now.

16. Modal verbs Shall UseExample OfferShall I help you with your luggage? SuggestionShall we say 2:30 then? PermissionShall I do it or will you?

17. Modal verbs Should UseExample Recommendation/AdvisabilityYou really should start eating better. ObligationI should be at work before 9:00. ExpectationSusan should be in New York by now.

18. Modal verbs Will UseExample DecisionI don’t see any taxis so I will walk. OfferI will do that for you if you like. PromiseI will come back on Monday.

19. Modal verbs Would UseExample PermissionWould you mind if I brought a friend with me? RequestWould you mind waiting for a moment? InvitationWould you like to play baseball this Friday?

20. Modal verbs Must UseExample CertaintyThat must be Jerry. Thay said he was tall with bright red hair. ProhibitionYou must not swim in that river. It is full of crocodiles. Strong recommantationYou must take some time off and get some rest. (Notice that the Americans prefer the form « should ». You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest.) NecessityYou must have a permit to enter the national park.