1. HAPPY WEDNESDAY BELLWORK: One notebook paper per 2 people, copy the following passage and fill in the blanks. Protists are organisms in the Kingdom __________. These organisms are __________, meaning they are made up of single or multiple _________ which all contain a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. The protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as _________, plants, or ________. Organisms in the Protista Kingdom include amoebae, ____________, dinoflagellates, __________, euglena and ______________. amoebae Independent CHAMPS C2 computer Protista eukaryotes cells animals fungus algaeplasmodium slime mold

2. What is BTP? B iology T utoring P rogram Applications due Friday, March 4 th !

3. Collect Today Test Analysis Viruses/Microorganisms Virus & Microorganisms MAKEUP Quiz Assigned Protist/Fungi Quiz (TOMORROW) Virus Cycle Diagram MAKEUP Quiz (TOMORROW) Page 114 – Notecard Definitions (Friday) Late Notecard Sticker Sheet (-20 Points)

4. Unit 9 – Plant Systems Definitions Due Friday (2/26/16) All Parts Due Friday (3/4/16) 1.Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 2.Anther 3.Cellular Respiration 4.Filament 5.Flower 6.Gametophyte 7.Germination 8.Glucose 9.Gravitropism 10.Guard cells 11.Hydrotropism 12.Leaf 13.Ovary 14.Ovule 15.Petal 16.Phloem 17.Photosynthesis 18.Phototropism 19.Pistil (Carpel) 20.Pollen 21.Pollination 22.Roots 23.Sepal 24.Spore 25.Stamen 26.Stem 27.Stigma 28.Stoma 29.Style 30.Thigmotropism 31.Transpiration 32.Vascular Tissue 33.Xylem 34.Mitochondria 35.Chloroplast PG 114

5. Essential Question What structures are unique to organisms in the Kingdom Fungi Standard B.8C - compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. PG 115

6. Fun-guy video facts (See what I did there?) Fungi (introduction) You should have 3 facts Cordyceps You should have 1 fact Truffles You should have 6 facts

7. Fungi

8. 1. Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls. 2. The cell walls of fungi are made up of chitin.

9. 3. Fungi do not ingest their food. Instead, they digest food outside their bodies and then absorb it. 4. All fungi are multicellular except for one species. 5. Yeasts are the only unicellular fungi.

10. 6. Multicellular fungi are composed of thin filaments called hyphae.

11. 7. The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a mycelium. The mycelium is well suited to absorb food because it permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows.

12. Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually. 9. Asexual reproduction may occur when a piece of the fungus breaks off and begins to grow on its own. Asexual reproduction may also occur through the production of spores which are scattered and grow into new organisms.

13. 11. Fungal spores are found everywhere. 12. For spores to germinate, they must land in an environment with the right combination of temperature, moisture, and food so they can grow. The probability that a spore will produce a mature organism can be less than one in a billion.

14. The kingdom Fungi has over 100,000 species. 13. Fungi are classified according to their structure and method of reproduction.

15. 14. The four main phyla of fungi are: 1) Zygomycota (common molds) 2) Ascomycota (sac fungi) 3) Basidiomycota (club fungi) 4) Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi)

16. 15. Phylum Zygomycota includes the familiar molds that grow on meat, cheese, and bread. 16. Rhizopus stolonifer is more commonly known as black bread mold.

17. 20. Phylum Ascomycota includes the sac fungi. 21. This phylum is named for the ascus, a reproductive structure that contains spores.

18. 22. Yeasts are unicellular fungi. When yeasts are added to dough: 1) They undergo alcoholic fermentation due to lack of oxygen and the need for energy. 2) They produce carbon dioxide and alcohol as by products. 3) The carbon dioxide produces bubbles in the dough causing the bread to rise. 4) The alcohol evaporates during baking.

19. 23. The phylum Basidiomycota, or club fungi, get its name from a specialized reproductive structure that resembles a club. 24. The spore-bearing structure is called the basidium. 25. The fruiting bodies of organisms in this phylum are more commonly called mushrooms. A single mushroom can produce billions of spores.

20. Basidiomycetes include shelf fungi, puffballs, earthstars, jelly fungi, and rusts.

21. Although some wild mushrooms are edible, many are poisonous. Mushroom gathering should be left to experts who can positively identify each mushroom.

22. 26. Phylum Deuteromycota is more commonly called imperfect fungi. 27. Phylum Deuteromycota is composed of those fungi do not have a sexual phase in their life cycle.

23. 28. Penicillium notatum is a mold that frequently grows on fruit and is the source of the antibiotic penicillin.

24. 29. Many fungi are saprobes. Saprobes are organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter. 30. Fungi play an essential role in maintaining equilibrium in the ecosystem because they recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and wastes of other organisms.

25. 31. Parasitic fungi cause serious plant and animal disease. Five fungi that cause disease are: athlete’s foot, corn smut, wheat rust, Candida albicans (yeast infection), ringworm, and Cordyceps. Cordyceps

26. 32. Lichens are symbiotic relationships between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism (algae or cyanobacteria). 33. The algae carries out photosynthesis, providing the fungus with a source of energy. The fungus provides the algae with water and minerals it collects and protects it from direct sunlight. Lichens are able to survive in almost any environment.

27. 34. Mycorrhizae are associations of plant roots and fungi. 35. The tiny hyphae of the fungi aid plants in absorbing water and minerals by producing a network that covers the roots and increases their surface area. The plants provide the fungi with the products of photosynthesis (glucose).

28. Summary: In 50 words, summarize what you have learned about fungi.