1. Unit 4 Review Presentation Chapter 14: Europe and the New World (1500-1800) Chapter 15: Thirty Years War and the Witchcraft Craze (1600-1700) By: Josah Corpuz, Janelle Encarnacion, Donna Jocosing, and Rafael Loo ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

2. Ch. 14 Outline I.Age of Exploration A.Causes B.Columbian Exchange 1.Charts 2.Consequences II.Commercial Revolution A.Causes B.Key features C.Mercantilism D.Consequences ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °) WRITE FAST OR MEMORIZE PLEASE ;___; ):

3. Age of Exploration Causes: o Renewed interest in ancient writings o Search for spices and profits o Desire to cultivate cash crops o Desire to spread Christianity o New technology ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

4. Columbian Exchange ● Diffusion of agricultural products, animals, diseases, and human populations ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °) New world → Old worldOld world → New World Agricultural Products Potatoes, maize, tobacco, vanilla, chocolate Coffee, cane sugar, wheat, rice AnimalsTurkeysCows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chicken DiseasesSyphilisSmallpox, measles Human populations N/AEuropean colonists, African slaves

5. Columbian Exchange (continued) Consequences for: 1.New World a.European diseases killed off 90% of population in Americas 2.Europe a.New crops helped feed a growing population b.Wealth generated from New World increased power 3.Africa a.Wealth produced in New World promoted trans-Atlantic slave trade ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

6. Commercial Revolution Causes: ●New trade routes ●Population growth ●Inflation ●New nation-centered economic system ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

7. Commercial Revolution (continued) Key features: ●New entrepreneurs ●New industries ●New domestic or putting-out system ●New joint-stock companies ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

8. Mercantilism ● System of economic principles and policies adopted by the rulers of the new nation-states ● Mercantilist theory: o Colonies should export raw materials and import finished goods  It would create a favorable balance of trade and resulting growth of gold and silver

9. Consequences of Commercial Revolution ● Decline of Hanseatic League ● Rise of capitalism ● Rise of the bourgeoisie

10. Ch. 15 Outline III.Thirty Years’ War & the Witchcraft Craze A.Witchcraft Craze B.Thirty Years’ War 1.Phases 2.Outcomes A.The Glorious Revolution B.Rulers 1.Palace of Versailles A.English Civil War ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

11. Witchcraft Craze ● Occurred in England, Scotland, Switzerland, Germany, parts of France and the Low Countries, New England ● Caused by war, famine, plague, temperatures decreased, social tensions ● Witches were burned at the stake, hung, put on trial, imprisoned, fined, tortured, and/or exiled ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

12. Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) ● Began with Ferdinand II trying to re-Catholicize Bohemia (Calvinists) ● Phases o Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) o Danish Phase (1625-1629) o Swedish Phase (1629-1635) o Swedish-French Phase (1635-1648) ● Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

13. ●William of Orange invited to fight England by 7 important English noblemen ●William takes opportunity to invade France with England's resources ●Considered glorious because of minimal bloodshed The Glorious Revolution

14. Important Rulers ● Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) o Commissioned the Palace of Versailles o Declared absolute power ● Louis XV (r. 1715-1774) ● Frederick II (r. 1740-1786) ● Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

15. English Civil War (1642-1651) ·‚· ●Charles I fought the Parliament over an Irish rebellion ●Oliver Cromwell solved first conflict ●Causes: Religion Roman Catholicism against Protestantism ●Long-Lasting Effects: Freedom of religion, Separation of military from politics