1. Cloud computing: IaaS

2. IaaS is the simplest cloud offerings. IaaS is the simplest cloud offerings. It is an evolution of virtual private server offerings It is an evolution of virtual private server offerings It provides a mechanism for user to use hardware and other physical resources without capital investment and physical administrative requirements It provides a mechanism for user to use hardware and other physical resources without capital investment and physical administrative requirements

3. The advantage of IaaS : flexibility. The advantage of IaaS : flexibility. The challenge of IaaS: optimization. The challenge of IaaS: optimization.

4. Infrastructure Stack

5. Co-location

6. A piece of real estate A piece of real estate - re-purposed warehouses / old factories - re-purposed warehouses / old factories - a barren plot of land with container based data center modules - a barren plot of land with container based data center modules

8. Power and cooling are critical to the functional continuity of the data center Power and cooling are critical to the functional continuity of the data center - redundant power supplies with backup diesel generators - redundant power supplies with backup diesel generators - Advanced cooling technology to reduce the power costs for cooling. - Advanced cooling technology to reduce the power costs for cooling. -- leverage outside air during colder months -- leverage outside air during colder months -- interior design optimizes inside air flow -- interior design optimizes inside air flow

9. Network connectivity Network connectivity Data centers will have links to multiple network providers. Data centers will have links to multiple network providers. Environmental considerations Environmental considerations - protection against fire, flooding, earthquakes and other natural disasters - protection against fire, flooding, earthquakes and other natural disasters Security consideration Security consideration - electrical fences - electrical fences - surveillance systems - surveillance systems

10. Hardware Mount hardwares (servers, storage units, and network appliances) in standard 19-inch rack cabinets. Mount hardwares (servers, storage units, and network appliances) in standard 19-inch rack cabinets. The challenge is to maximize the number of hardware units that can be accommodated in a standard rack cabinet. The challenge is to maximize the number of hardware units that can be accommodated in a standard rack cabinet.

12. Virtualization Virtualization is an enabling technology of IaaS. Virtualization is an enabling technology of IaaS. - Network virtualization - Network virtualization - Storage virtualization - Storage virtualization - Memory virtualization - Memory virtualization - Desktop virtualization - Desktop virtualization - Server virtualization - Server virtualization

13. Network virtualization Network virtualization - virtual local area networks (VLANs): segment traffic and provide a degree of isolation by dividing the network - virtual local area networks (VLANs): segment traffic and provide a degree of isolation by dividing the network - virtual private networks (VPNs): create a secure connection between cloud entities and end users. - virtual private networks (VPNs): create a secure connection between cloud entities and end users. Network virtualization allow applications to operate in a trusted mode whereby they can treat the cloud service an extension of the private network Network virtualization allow applications to operate in a trusted mode whereby they can treat the cloud service an extension of the private network

14. Storage virtualization: redirecting I/O requests from logical or virtual units to physical storage devices Storage virtualization: redirecting I/O requests from logical or virtual units to physical storage devices - This abstraction of the physical infrastructure can facilitate higher utilization through pooling of units - This abstraction of the physical infrastructure can facilitate higher utilization through pooling of units - It also makes it easy to migrate data without disrupting a service. - It also makes it easy to migrate data without disrupting a service.

15. Memory virtualization: abstract memory space and map it to a set of pooled memory resources Memory virtualization: abstract memory space and map it to a set of pooled memory resources

16. Desktop virtualization: can be delivered in different modes Desktop virtualization: can be delivered in different modes - pre-loaded - pre-loaded - loaded at boot time - loaded at boot time - streamed as needed - streamed as needed - hosted remotely and simply presented on the desktop - hosted remotely and simply presented on the desktop The advantages of desktop virtualization includes The advantages of desktop virtualization includes - standardized environment - standardized environment - ease of provisioning and managing the desktop - ease of provisioning and managing the desktop

17. Server virtualization: abstracts the underlying servers and presents them as a set of virtual machines. Server virtualization: abstracts the underlying servers and presents them as a set of virtual machines. There are two major kinds of software layers (hypervisors) that facilitate the abstraction. There are two major kinds of software layers (hypervisors) that facilitate the abstraction. - Type 1 hypervisor runs on the bare hardware - Type 1 hypervisor runs on the bare hardware - Type 2 hypervisor runs on an operating system - Type 2 hypervisor runs on an operating system

18. Advantages of server virtualization Advantages of server virtualization - Virtual machine provides instruction set that are independent of the physical machine, thereby enabling platforms on hardware for which they were not necessarily designed. - Virtual machine provides instruction set that are independent of the physical machine, thereby enabling platforms on hardware for which they were not necessarily designed. - It improves the level of utilization of underlying hardware. - It improves the level of utilization of underlying hardware.

19. - virtual machines can be launched from a virtual disk independent of the hardware. This encapsulation makes it easy to load-balance and to redeploy applications as usage requires - virtual machines can be launched from a virtual disk independent of the hardware. This encapsulation makes it easy to load-balance and to redeploy applications as usage requires - It makes it easy to provision new instances instantly when they are needed. - It makes it easy to provision new instances instantly when they are needed.

20. Infrastructure Services IaaS services have three categories: IaaS services have three categories: - Server as a Service - Server as a Service - Storage as a Service - Storage as a Service - Connectivity as a Service - Connectivity as a Service

21. Server as a Service Server as a Service - Server as a Service can be divided into three allocation options: Physical, Dedicated Virtual, and Shared Virtual - Server as a Service can be divided into three allocation options: Physical, Dedicated Virtual, and Shared Virtual -- Physical allocation means specific hardware is allocated to users -- Physical allocation means specific hardware is allocated to users -- Dedicated virtual servers offer dedicated hardaware with hypervisor. -- Dedicated virtual servers offer dedicated hardaware with hypervisor. -- Shared virtual servers are exposed to the customers as pools of virtual machines -- Shared virtual servers are exposed to the customers as pools of virtual machines

22. - Server as a Service providers: Amazon, AppNexus, LayeredTech, Rackspace Cloud, Joyent, GoGrid, ElasticHosts - Server as a Service providers: Amazon, AppNexus, LayeredTech, Rackspace Cloud, Joyent, GoGrid, ElasticHosts

23. Storage as a Service Storage as a Service This service offering is characterized by a location-agnostic, virtualized data store that promotes the illusion of infinite capacity in a resilient manner. This service offering is characterized by a location-agnostic, virtualized data store that promotes the illusion of infinite capacity in a resilient manner.

24. Typical applications of Storage as a Service include: Typical applications of Storage as a Service include: - online backup - online backup - archiving - archiving - Content delivery - Content delivery - disaster recovery - disaster recovery - web application development - web application development

25. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) and Elastic Block Storage (EBS) are good examples of Storage as a Service. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) and Elastic Block Storage (EBS) are good examples of Storage as a Service.

26. Network as a Service: provid network capabilities as services Network as a Service: provid network capabilities as services - DHCP - DHCP - Firewall - Firewall - VPN - VPN - VLAN - VLAN - CDN: Amazon CloudFront - CDN: Amazon CloudFront