1. UKRAINIAN RESEARCH TEAM C 3 EU RESEARCH WORKSHOP #1 NOVEMBER 15-19, 2015

2. OUTLINING CONTEXTS ON EU – UKRAINE RELATIONS Joint presentation by: Yevheniia Hobova, A.Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Anastasiya Pshenichnykh, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Viktor Velivchenko, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University in Cherkasy

3. CONTEXT: POLITICS Beginning of cooperation 1991 - Declaration of the EC on Ukraine 1992 - The first EU-Ukraine top-level meeting 1993 - Opening of the EC Representation in Ukraine 1994 - The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation between Ukraine and the EU 1998 – The Ukrainian President’s Decree 615 on approval of the Strategy of Ukraine's integration to the EU Broadening of cooperation EU-Ukraine Summits The 8 th summit (Hague, 2004) - the status of a neighborhood country within the European Neighborhood Policy. The 9 th summit (Kyiv, 2005) Status of a market economy Cooperation agreements in aircraft engineering, navigation and energy industries EU confirmed its intention to start preliminary consultations on a new EU-Ukraine agreement to replace the Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation. The 17 th summit (Kyiv, 2015) - the first summit taking place under the framework of the Association Agreement 2004 – Adoption of a Strategy Paper on the European Neighborhood Policy 2009 – Launching of Eastern Partnership initiative 2014 – Ukraine - EU Association Agreement

4. CONTEXT: ECONOMY Highlights 1993 - Agreement between the European Communities and Ukraine on Trade in Textile Products. 1995 - Signing of the Temporary Agreement on Trade and Issues Related to Trade Between Ukraine and the EU. 2005 - The Council of the European Union grants Ukraine Market Economy Status 2008 - Launching of free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations. 2011 - Ukraine and the EU finalized negotiations of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA). 2012 - Initialing of DCFTA between the EU and Ukraine 2014 – The Association Agreement. Outline of Ukraine-EU trade The EU is Ukraine's largest trading partner, accounting for more than a third of its trade. It is also its main source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The main Ukraine’s exports to the EU: raw materials (iron, steel, mining products, agricultural products), chemical products and machinery. The main EU’s exports to Ukraine: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, and manufactured goods. Given Ukraine's industrial potential, the DCFTA provides an opportunity to make the country more competitive and diversify its exports.

5. CONTEXT: SOCIO-CULTURAL; NORMATIVE ASPECTS Normative aspects – human rights, democracy, rule of law, good governance, sustainability, antidiscrimination, equality, and solidarity – are the key values cherished by the EU, and necessary for implementation in Ukraine. This is a requirement of the Association Agreement and, particularly, the Visa Liberalization process. The visa liberalization dialogue was launched in 2010, when the European Commission developed the Action Plan on Visa Liberalization (VLAP) and presented it to the Ukrainian Government. The above normative aspects are the benchmarks that Ukraine has to meet for its citizens to enter the Schengen zone without a visa. The process is now demonstrating a positive progress, since of late the Verkhovna Rada has adopted a set of required decrees.

6. CONTEXT: ENERGY After the USSR collapse, Ukraine's main gas supplier has been the Russian Federation (about 60% of the consumed gas in Ukraine). Ukraine is a transfer area for delivering Russian gas to the EU countries. Memorandum of Understanding on Energy (2005) defined five roadmaps for cooperation (safety of Ukrainian nuclear power plants, integration of electricity and gas markets, security of energy supplies and the transit of hydrocarbons, coal sector, energy efficiency and renewable energy). Ukraine joined the Energy Community as a full-fledged member (2011). Ukraine-EU Association Agreement (2014) provides for energy cooperation including energy security, competitiveness and sustainability. The EU is a moderator in discussions on energy security between Ukraine and Russia in trilateral gas talks (March 2015).

7. CONTEXT: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION Agreement for scientific and technological co-operation between the European Community and Ukraine (2002). Twinning instrument available in Ukraine since 2004. Bologna Declaration signed in 2005. Student and academic exchanges funded by Erasmus Mundus and a partner country of Tempus/Erasmus+ Programme. BILAT-UKR*AINA project funded by the EU’s 7 th Framework Programme (FP7) completed in 2015 (enhancement and promotion of bilateral cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation). Participation in the “Horizon 2020” EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation.

8. CONTEXT: ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Environment and climate change Collaboration between European scientists and experts from Ukraine on Chernobyl disaster consequences since 1990. Cooperation between Ukraine and EU in the environmental protection sphere since 1998. Cooperation and partnership with the European Environment Agency in the context of the ENP: funding from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, joint projects with the European Investment Bank; active involvement in 2 projects of DABLAS (Danube – Black Sea) Task Force; agreement on establishing the Regional Environmental Center in Ukraine (ratified in 2015). International development TACIS programme (1991): technical assistance and financial support (2000- 2006). European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), Instrument of Stability, Macro Financial Aid (2007-2013)

9. CHALLENGES Security challenges in Eastern Europe: defense security economic security energy security information security: counteraction to aggressive anti-Ukrainian propaganda. Unpredictable militarist and expansionist Russia. Migration challenges (IDP - internally displaced persons). Possible further EU expansion to the East. Justice, rule of law and anti-corruption reforms. An alternative energy policy. Assessment by the EU Commission of Ukraine’s meeting the benchmarks of the Plan on Visa Liberalization. Integration of Ukraine into the European scientific research framework. Development of an environment conducive to research, application of new technologies and adequate protection of the intellectual property. Development and implementation of Ukrainian environmental legislation, strategies and plans Improving the quality of human life, promotion of social fairness and justice, meeting common challenges such as globalization and demographic change.

10. KEY ISSUES In 1997, Ukraine adopted the Strategy of European Integration. However, Ukraine’s aspirations to join the EU have not been hailed so far. The EU is currently focusing on the support of the comprehensive reform process underway in Ukraine. Ukraine sees no alternative to European integration process. The European Council strongly condemned annexation of the Crimea by Russia, as well as its military intervention in Eastern Ukraine, and imposed sanctions against Russia. Russian Federation pressured Ukraine not to sign the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement in 2013, which caused a political crisis and the fall of president Yanukovych’s government.

11. REFERENCES Mission of Ukraine to the European Union: ukraine-eu.mfa.gov.ua/en Delegation of the European Union to Ukraine: eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/ Key Documents in Ukraine – EU relations: http://eeas.europa.eu/ukraine/docs/index_en.htm European Council on Foreign Relations EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (2014) Fifth Progress Report on the Implementation by Ukraine of the Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation, 2015 Action Plan on Visa Liberalization for Ukraine 17th EU-Ukraine Summit: Joint Statement Enhancing the BILATeral S&T Partnership with UKRraine * Advanced INnovative Approach : http://www.bilat-ukraina.eu/en/360.php http://europa.eu WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor, 2011, March 11, No. 724 European Project and Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: NISS, 2012 www.niss.gov.ua/content/articles/files/evrop-ea0b8.pdf www.niss.gov.ua/content/articles/files/evrop-ea0b8.pdf Взаимоотношения Украины и России в энергетической сфере. In Національна безпека і оборона, No 4, 2009 http://www.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/files/category_journal/NSD108_rus_3.pdf http://www.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/files/category_journal/NSD108_rus_3.pdf http://www.project-bridge.eu/datoteke/Actions2012/BRIDGE- ANALYSIS%20OF%20THE%20EU-UKRAINE%20RELATIONS.pdf