1. TEACHER ABSENTEEISM THE SOLUTION “SAARTHI” DIVYA MITTAL ANSHUL GUPTA AVINASH KUMAR

2. + WHY EDUCATION?

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4. + Education Skill Development EmployabilityGrowth Poverty Eradication Teacher Absenteeism breaks this virtuous cycle Teacher Absenteeism breaks this virtuous cycle IMPACT OF ABSENTEEISM

5. + HOW BAD IS IT - A GLANCE

6. + WHY ABSENTEEISM – TEACHERS VIEW Work Load New Syllabus Non Academic duties (Election, BPL survey etc) Overcrowding – High Teacher/Pupil Ratio Inaccessibility and Remoteness of Schools

7. + VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION Strong Union of Teachers Thwarted Penal Action Ineffective Monitoring Unauthorized Absence

8. + WHAT IN THE GIVEN CASE WORKS IN FAVOUR OF OUR SOLUTION

9. + STAKEHOLDERS Parents & Village Community Teachers & Teacher Unions GovernmentStudents

10. + SOLUTION FRAMEWORK Incentivization Dis- Incentivizatio n Technology Based Monitoring Community Participation

11. + SOLUTION SNAPSHOT Fraud in recording attendance Satyapan (Hourly Biometric attendance) Lack of Incentives and disincentives for absence for teachers Sthanantaran (Disincentive system) Sarahana (Incentive system) Salahkar (Grievance redressal of teachers and counseling) Even after reaching school, teachers may not attend classes Sanjhedari (Social Audit) Sookshma- niriksha (Institutional Audit) Lack of accountability of the school (Leads to lack of monitoring of teachers) Spashtata (Transparent categorization of schools in categories based on teacher absence and associated monitoring and incentive structures) PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

12. + SOLUTION FLOWCHART Per hour teacher attendance using Biometrics on Tablet Loading of Data Weekly on Gram Sabha System One Time Data Loading on Main Server Leave Rules Salary Rules Teachers Profile (Age, Training, Previous Absenteeism etc) One Time Data Loading on Main Server Leave Rules Salary Rules Teachers Profile (Age, Training, Previous Absenteeism etc) Main Server Process Leave Information Send Monthly Leave Alerts to Teachers Automatic System Assessment of Absenteeism at year end Main Server Process Leave Information Send Monthly Leave Alerts to Teachers Automatic System Assessment of Absenteeism at year end Generate Transfer List Issue Transfer Orders Monthly Leave Alerts to Teachers Approved/Unauthor ized Leave Any Special Leave Case – Override to Principal GPS Tracking Approved/Unauthor ized Leave Any Special Leave Case – Override to Principal GPS Tracking

13. + ASSUMPTIONS Following are the KEY assumptions 1. District radius: 40km 2. Class lecture is of 1 hour 3. Teachers are natives of district 4. At any point there are postings available in all zones 5. Teacher's distribution is uniform all over the district 6. In case of unauthorized absence either principle, vice principal or any other teacher is taking classes. Burden sharing, will break teacher unionism.

14. + THE SOLUTION – “SATYAPAN” Problem Area 1 : Fraud in Recording Attendance Biometric attendance every hour by hand held device to be managed by the Community resource person (CRP – Village Panchayat) - with GPS location to ensure that the attendance is marked in the school itself. With specific over-rides given to the School Principal The CRP will upload the data weekly on the Gram Sabha servers from where it will be loaded on the Main District Level Servers. The Main Server will contain pre loaded data of Teachers Profile including Biometric Records, Leave Rules, Salary Data

15. + Problem Area 2: Lack of Dis-Incentives for absence of Teachers Teachers to be characterized into bands of Red, Yellow and Green based on unauthorized absence The Main Server will generate a list of transfers at the end of the year based on the Total Unauthorized Leave details of the teacher. Transfers away from the home based on the score. Teachers lying in the Red and yellow bands in the previous year to be transferred THE SOLUTION – “STHANANTARAN”

16. + Formula for calculating band in ‘Sthanantaran’ system No. of unauthorized absence days = n 0< n <= 10 – Green band 10<n <= 15 – Yellow band n > 15 – Red Band Explanation: If at the end of the day, no of unauthorized absent days are less than 10, teacher would lie in the green band. If between 10, 15, he would lie in the Yellow band; If unauthorized absent days are greater than 15, he would lie in Red band. Eg. If a teacher has 13 unauthorized absence days, he would lie in the yellow band. THE SOLUTION – “STHANANTARAN” Contd..

17. + Transfer policy (Assumption - District has a radius of 40km) Depending on the band in which the teacher lies at the end of the year, he/she would be transferred away from his/her home. Green band : 0-10 km Yellow band : 10-25 km Red band : > 25 km If a teacher lies in the Green band, he would remain within 10 km of his home for the next year; If the teacher lies in the yellow band, he would be transferred in an area within 10-25 kms of his home; If the teacher lies in the Red band, he would be transferred in a school which is situated at a distance of more than 25 km from his home THE SOLUTION – “STHANANTARAN” Contd..

18. + Teacher’ s home District center THE SOLUTION – “STHANANTARAN” Contd..

19. + A teacher who continues to remain in the yellow band for two consecutive years, would be treated as lying in the Red band A teacher who continues to remain in the red band for two consecutive years, would have disciplinary proceedings initiated against him

20. + THE SOLUTION –”SARAHNA” Problem 3: Lack of Incentive for Better Performing Teachers Bonuses to teachers who remain in the green band for continuously 3 years Social recognition: Yearly rewarding and felicitating teachers who are placed in the green band on district level by State Education Minister Meritorious teaches to be made brand ambassadors of teacher profession. They would hold seminars for new teachers and impart attitudinal training

21. + THE SOLUTION – “SALAHKAR” Problem Area 4: Lack of hearing to teachers problems Grievance Redressal and Counseling The teachers may actually be facing some problems which is resulting in the unauthorized absence. There would be grievance redressal committee at the district level to talk to teachers and redress the individual problems facing them. Counseling would also be available to teachers for ensuring better performance

22. + THE SOLUTION – “SANJHEDAARI” Problem Area 5: Even after reaching school the teachers may not attend classes SOCIAL AUDIT Parents to be deputed daily and authorized to go to schools to check whether the teachers marked present are actually present in their respective classes or not. Some random checking can be done. Parent to be trained for this.

23. + THE SOLUTION: “SOOKSHMA NIRIKSHAN” Problem Area 5: Even after reaching school the teachers may not attend classes Institutional Audit School inspection committees to be formed involving District Education Officers and NGOs. They would randomly check schools everyday to see whether the teachers marked present in the system are teaching in their respective classes at the time of the check

24. + Problem: Lack of accountability of the schools - which leads to lack of monitoring of teachers Schools to be similarly classified (Explained later) into Red, Yellow, Green bands at the end of each year based on the number of teachers in each band. This would help in easy monitoring of erring schools by the district administrative structure. School principals to be rewarded for the school's performance. Special bonuses to be announced at the end of every three years for schools which were in the green band for the entire period. THE SOLUTION: “SPASHTATA”

25. + Formula for calculating band for school in ‘Spashtata’ system Calculate the unauthorized absence days for each teacher in the school Calculate the mean of the above – This would be the average unauthorized days of the school - n The school would then lie in the same Red, Yellow, Green bands based on this average unauthorized absence number (n) 0< n <= 10 – Green band 10<n <= 15 – Yellow band n > 15 – Red Band Eg. If a school has 12 as the average unauthorized absence days, it would lie in the yellow band. THE SOLUTION: “SPASHTATA” Contd..

26. + The district administration can easily monitor the schools in different bands. (Bird’s eye view) More monitoring can be done for Red zone schools School principals would be rewarded based on the band in which the school lies. – Bonuses at the end of the year for the school lying in the green zone for three consecutive years Teacher loans and other benefits to be linked with the status of the school – This would bring teacher pressure on their peers to perform well. This would be helpful in reducing the power of unions

27. + COSTING Cost to be met using the district innovation fund and the untied funds available with VEC as part of SSA

28. + STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT Teachers Teachers : Everybody wants a job near to home. Less time in commuting more time with family, better family life. Performance bonuses Transparent Transfers Parents & Students Social marginal benefit of education. Merit Good. Incentivizing schools will lead to better facilities and better education outcomes Administrators Equal burden sharing will break unionism. Easier to manage for "Us"!! What can be done to make the Stakeholders “Buy In”

29. + THANK YOU!