1. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A SOCIETY Seventh Edition Chapter Becoming a World Power 18

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Becoming a World Power Steps Toward Empire Expansionism in the 1890s War in Cuba and the Philippines Theodore Roosevelt’s Energetic DiplomacyTheodore Roosevelt’s Energetic Diplomacy Conclusion: The Responsibilities of Power

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Steps Toward Empire

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Steps Toward Empire Monroe Doctrine still followed Idea of America’s special role  Including the duty of proselytizing, crusading Early Expansionism  Louisiana Purchase  Indian Removal “Manifest Destiny”

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Uncle Sam’s Imperial Stretch

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Early Expansionism Commodore Perry, Japan, 1853 Secretary of State William Seward  Purchase of Alaska from Russia, 1867  Pushed for annexation of Cuba President Grant hopes to annex Santo Domingo  Strategic importance  But opposed by those for self-determination

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Early Expansionism (cont'd) Growing economic influence  Hawaii, sugar growers stage a coup  Grover Cleveland stops their action

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Global Context Influence in China divided by foreign powers Africa  Only two independent nations by 1900  Powers can only gain territory through warfare United States seeks hegemony in Latin America  But no mechanisms, no consistent policy

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Expansionism in the 1890s

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Search for Markets Turner thesis resonates with Americans Businessmen shape foreign policy Huge growth in manufacturing  Most going to Europe Overseas investment grows

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana United States Territorial Expansion to 1900

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Rationale Patriotism – trade and national well-being tied  Glory  Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge  Alfred Thayer Mahan – Darwinian approach Piety  Overseas missions  5,000 American missionaries in China in 1914

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Rationale (cont'd) Manipulating public opinion  Weakened confidence played on  Stir up feelings in support of Cubans, Filipinos

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana War in Cuba and the Philippines

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Road to War Cuba long coveted by U.S.  Spain seen as oppressive  Many genuinely concerned  But Cuba also convenient 1898, Maine sent to Havana  Roosevelt prepares for war  Congress authorizes use of troops  Teller Amendment disavows territorial goals

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana War in Cuba and the Philippines: Spanish-American War Easy naval victories for the U.S.  Guam and Puerto Rico easily taken  Roosevelt makes his reputation

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Waging War in the Philippines

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Waging War in the Philippines, cont

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Action in the Philippines Admiral Dewey to Manila after sinking of Maine President McKinley pushes for annexation  Treaty of Paris  Ratification hotly debated Anti-Imperialist League Some against the annexation on racist grounds

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Action in the Philippines (cont'd) Filipino-American War follows  Huge expense  Hypocrisy becomes apparent

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Expansionism Triumphant New territories had some independence  Governor of Philippines, Taft, pushes self- government Some rights Dissent ignored Roosevelt becomes governor of New York

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Republican Campaign Poster

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana “The Spanish Brute”

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Liberty Halts American Butchery

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Theodore Roosevelt’s Energetic Diplomacy

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Theodore Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Activist presidency, especially in foreign affairs Idea of Darwinian struggle among nations Nations either civilized or uncivilized  White man’s burden  Strong country’s bound to preserve world order

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana TR as Caribbean Policeman

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Panama Canal Use of Monroe Doctrine  Even before completion of canal Panama achieves independence, 1903  U.S. recognizes the new nation  But unilaterally claims Canal Zone  Panama protests

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Policing the Caribbean Monroe Doctrine seen as “open door” for U.S. Cuba remains independent Roosevelt Corollary, 1904  Justification for American intervention  Applied in the Caribbean  American property protected with U.S. troops

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana United States Involvement in Central America and the Caribbean, 1898–1939

31. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Open and Closed Doors U.S. pushes for open door in China  Latecomer, and other powers established  Chinese seen as needing American help Secretary of State Hay’s Open Door Notes  Demand for open door in China  Demand that China’s sovereignty be respected

32. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Open and Closed Doors (cont'd) Boxer Rebellion  Anti-foreign, anti-Manchu movement Exclusionist immigration policy against Chinese

33. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana United States Involvement in the Pacific and Eastern Asia, 1898–1909

34. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Balancing Japan Japanese immigration increases around 1900  Some from Hawaii Some directly from Japan Many very successful, especially as farmers Nativist whites  “Yellow Peril”

35. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Balancing Japan (cont'd) Japanese expansionism worries Americans Treaty of Portsmouth ends Russo- Japanese War Root-Takahira Agreement, 1908  Japan leaves U.S. in control of Philippines  U.S. recognizes Japan’s Asian territories

36. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Preventing War in Europe Roosevelt wary of power struggle in Europe Two policies:  Friendship with Great Britain fundamental  Prevent war among powerful nations Support for British imperialism  Britain seen as civilized  In order to check German power

37. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Conclusion: The Responsibilities of Power

38. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Conclusion: The Responsibilities of Power Theodore Roosevelt  Foreign policy more aggressive U.S. as a global power  Influence in Central America, Caribbean  Open Door in Asia  Yet neutral regarding Europe Developing conflict over global commitments

39. Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Timeline