2. What the cell?? What the cell?? Please tell me what type of cells are in the pictures below—guess, if you don’t know! REMEMBER…notebook check coming up! Write the “?” and your answer!

3. I’m absent today because of a dr. appointment, I’ll be back tomorrow and I’ll quickly review 3.1 and 3.3….but I need you to stay focused today, write down the notes, and do your homework, so you’ll know what the heck I’m talking about tomorrow! PLEASE! Thanks! Ms. Lee

4. 3.1 KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life!!!!

5. All living things composed of one or more cells!!!!

6. Organisms can be unicellular: Or Multicellular:  one cell  all life activities take place in that cell!!!

7. Organisms can be unicellular: Or Multicellular:  >1 cell  each cell carries out a function, working together!!! Both groups have to be able to carry out basic life processes!!!  one cell  all life activities take place in that cell!!!

8. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory! Many scientists contributed to the cell theory! Hard work & improvement of microscopes let these guys do some magic! Hard work & improvement of microscopes let these guys do some magic! Have you heard of any of these guys??? Have you heard of any of these guys???

9. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life. The first unifying concept in science!!!

10. Prokaryotic cells lack nucleus and most internal structures!! Bacterium (colored SEM; mag 8800x) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles!

11. Prokaryotic cells 1.Lack most other organelles 2.No mitochondria – obtain energy from sunlight/chemicals 3.DO have ribosomes 4.Ex. - Bacteria!!! Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

12. Eukaryotic cells - 1.Membrane-bound organelles 2.Mitochondria – energy 3.Ribosomes 4.Ex. – us, plants, other animals, fungi,... Everything BUT bacteria!!

13. Look at these two types of cells-- How are they different? How are they similar??? nucleus cell membrane organelles cytoplasm

14. Which is prokaryotic?? Eukaryotic?? EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC nucleusorganelles DNA cytoplasmCell membrane Hmmmm…what do they have in common? Write those here 

15. IF YOU’VE BEEN DOING WHAT YOU SHOULD BE DOING, You have 15 minutes to watch the LIFE video Then you’ll write the notes for 3.3 and can watch the rest of it! IF NOT, NO VIDEO, ON TO 3.3!

16. 3.3 KEY CONCEPT The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a cell from the external environment!!!

17. Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer cell membrane

18. Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer 1. forms a boundary between inside & outside of the cell 2. controls passage of materials Where is it? What’s another name for it?

19. cell membraneoutside cell inside cell

20. Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer 1. forms a boundary between inside & outside of the cell 2. controls passage of materials Where is it? What’s another name for it? the outer layer of the cell plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic

21. Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer 1. forms a boundary between inside & outside of the cell 2. controls passage of materials Where is it? What’s another name for it? the outer layer of the cell plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic phosphate group, glycerol, & 2 fatty acid chainsphosphate group, glycerol, & 2 fatty acid chains Keep substances in/out of cellKeep substances in/out of cell

22. cell membrane 2 Phospholipid layers & Lots of Other Molecules protein cholesterol protein carbohydrate chain protein channel

23. Arrangement of molec’s that make up membraneArrangement of molec’s that make up membrane Flexible – acts like liquidFlexible – acts like liquid Mosaic b/c of proteins embeddedMosaic b/c of proteins embedded

24. Arrangement of molec’s that make up membraneArrangement of molec’s that make up membrane Flexible – acts like liquidFlexible – acts like liquid Mosaic b/c of proteins embeddedMosaic b/c of proteins embedded Cholesterol – strength Proteins – transport Carbs – identification

25. We’ll do this TOGETHER tomorrow!

26. The cell membrane is selectively permeable Some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot.

27. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Water crosses easily, but for other solutes it’s tough!!!

28. Allows some substances to cross Allows cell to maintain homeostasis Water crosses easily Solutes cross via proteins

29. Homeostasis: maintaining constant internal conditions!!! How is the structure and functions of the cell membrane important to maintaining homeostasis? allows cell to monitor concentrations! allows cell to monitor concentrations! What’s a concentration gradient? Movement of particles from high concentration to low!!

30. Review!! What is a cell?? What is the cell theory? What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? What is a prokaryotic cell? Give an example!! What is a eukaryotic cell? Give an example! What is the function of the cell membrane?? What are its other names?

31. Review!! Describe the structure of the plasma membrane! Why is it called the fluid mosaic??? What is selective permeability? Why is it important? What does it mean? Describe homeostasis in your own words!!!

32. Which type of cell is the first one??? Second one???

33. THAT’S IT! If you’ve been wonderful students, you can now spend the rest of the period watching the LIFE video. If not, you get to sit quietly and work on your homework at your desk, by yourself. Hope you made good choices while I was gone today!

34. 2/22/10 Monday, Monday Write the ?s and your answers: 1.What are eukaryotic cells and how are they different than prokaryotic?? 2.The term eukaryotic comes from the Greek word meaning “truly nuclear”. Why do you think this term was chosen??

35. 3.2 KEY CONCEPT: Eukaryotic cells share many similarities: organelles are structures in these cells that perform special functions

36. Eukaryotic cells have organelles: structures that perform a specialized function!!! (~~like your organs)

37. EGGGGGGGGGG-speriment! Today: Group of THREE people Group of THREE people GENTLY place an egg in a beaker GENTLY place an egg in a beaker Pour enough vinegar in the beaker to cover the egg Pour enough vinegar in the beaker to cover the egg It WILL float, so just add enough vinegar until it starts to float It WILL float, so just add enough vinegar until it starts to float Mass egg Mass egg Record how much vinegar (volume, mL) you add to the beaker Record how much vinegar (volume, mL) you add to the beaker

38. Earth Force Projects Last Semester

39. Cytoskeleton –Supports, shapes cell –positions & transports organelles –strength –Imp. in cell division –cell movement

40. Nucleus stores genetic info contains chromosomes (DNA) genetic control of cell

41. Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) (nuclear envelope) surrounds nucleus surrounds nucleus regulates in/out nucleus vs. cytoplasm regulates in/out nucleus vs. cytoplasm

42. Cytoplasm—add this in! Jelly like, semi-fluid material inside cell Jelly like, semi-fluid material inside cell Contains molecules & organelles Contains molecules & organelles Bound by the cell membrane Bound by the cell membrane

43. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports materials throughout inside of cell 2 types: rough, smooth

44. Rough ER –Ribosomes attached

45. Smooth ER No ribosomes attached S mooth ER

46. Ribosomes sites of protein synthesis some are located on the ER others are found in cytoplasm

47. Golgi Apparatus From the ER, proteins generally move to HEREFrom the ER, proteins generally move to HERE Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules within or outside the cell Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules within or outside the cell

49. Vesicles –Pouches –Pinch off from membrane or golgi –Transport things around/out of cell

50. Mitochondria –site of cellular respiration –supply energy to the cell

51. More Mitochondria

52. Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates smaller in animal cells than plant cells smaller in animal cells than plant cells

53. Lysosomes contain chemicals, enzymes for digesting things contain chemicals, enzymes for digesting things Recycling center!! Recycling center!!

54. Centrioles tubes found in centrosomes tubes found in centrosomes Help divide DNA, so where are they??? Help divide DNA, so where are they??? Form cilia/flagella Form cilia/flagella

55. An Amazing EGGsperiment!!

56. Quick question!!! What is the difference between plant and animal cells??

57. Plant cells: chloroplasts cell walls

58. Cell wall surrounds cell membrane protection & support plant cells, bacteria, fungi, some protists allows specific substances to pass in/out cell

59. Chloroplasts convert solar energy  chemical energyconvert solar energy  chemical energy plant cells, some bact.plant cells, some bact. Chlorophyll: absorbs energy from the Sun  CO 2 & H 2 O into sugar (photosynthesis)Chlorophyll: absorbs energy from the Sun  CO 2 & H 2 O into sugar (photosynthesis)

60. Cilia short hair-like projectionsshort hair-like projections movement of animal cells or protistsmovement of animal cells or protists

61. Flagella Long, whip-like projectionsLong, whip-like projections Movement of animal cells, bacteria, or protistsMovement of animal cells, bacteria, or protists

62. Who/what am I?? I am found only in plant cells and allow some substances to pass through!I am found only in plant cells and allow some substances to pass through! I am the powerhouse of cell that creates energy!!!I am the powerhouse of cell that creates energy!!! I am a whip-like tail used for locomotion!I am a whip-like tail used for locomotion!

63. Who/what am I?? I am the recycling center, contain enzymes for processing material!I am the recycling center, contain enzymes for processing material! I am a jellylike substance that surrounds the organelles!I am a jellylike substance that surrounds the organelles! I am the bouncer for the nucleus, I say who gets in and out!!I am the bouncer for the nucleus, I say who gets in and out!!

64. Who/what am I?? I can be rough or smooth, and I am great at transporting material through out the cell!I can be rough or smooth, and I am great at transporting material through out the cell! I make protein synthesis happen!! I hold genetic info, you would not be you without me!!I make protein synthesis happen!! I hold genetic info, you would not be you without me!!

65. Who/what am I?? Photosynthesis occurs in me!Photosynthesis occurs in me! I am short, hairlike projections that move things along!!I am short, hairlike projections that move things along!! I am a storage site and I am bigger in plant cells than in animal cells!!I am a storage site and I am bigger in plant cells than in animal cells!!

66. VIDEO: INNER LIFE OF A CELL

67. Homework IB JOURNAL 2.5.6, 2.5.7

68. FRIDAY! Oct. 1 st : Comparing Eukaryotes Plant CellAnimal Cell

69. 3.5 KEY CONCEPT: Cells use energy to transport materials that cannot diffuse across a membrane.

70. some substances move through cell membrane some substances move through cell membrane Against concentration gradient Against concentration gradient low  high conc. low  high conc. NEED Energy (ATP)!! NEED Energy (ATP)!! Pump thru w/a protein “pump” Pump thru w/a protein “pump” INTO (to concentrate molecules w/in), or OUT OF (remove waste) cell INTO (to concentrate molecules w/in), or OUT OF (remove waste) cell Ca, K, and Na ions need to be forced across!! Ca, K, and Na ions need to be forced across!! Homeostasis!! Homeostasis!!

72. Some particles are just too BIG for the proteins!!! Use vesicles!!! Use vesicles!!! What’s a vesicle?? What’s a vesicle?? 1-Passing into the cell = endocytosis (endo = into) 2-Passing out of the cell = exocytosis (exo = exit)

73. Endocytosis: cell membrane pinches in, brings materials INTO CELL (in a vesicle)

74. Exocytosis: vesicle merges w/cell membrane, takes materials OUT OF cell

75. Whatcha Know????? What does selectively permeable mean? Explain the concept of homeostasis! What is active transport, why is it called ACTIVE transport? What is endocytosis? What is exocytosis? How are they alike? How are they different??

76. EGG LAB! BE CAREFUL! FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE! DON’T PUT CORN SYRUP INTO THE GRADUATED CYLINDER--- I WILL HELP YOUR GROUP ESTIMATE THE VOLUME IN THE BEAKER. CLEAN THE CUP WELL, OR YOUR LAB WON’T WORK RIGHT! 

77. Earth Force…Folly Project?

78. Whatcha Know????? How does the movement of particles in active and passive transport differ? one is with the concentration gradient and one is against!!! Which molecules require active transport? Why do some molecules need another way to get across? Explain endocytosis! Explain exosytosis!!

79. List at least FIVE organelles. List what each one DOES (function). MONDAY 10/4

80. HOMEWORK CHECK And...Don’t forget…test corrections due by … And...Don’t forget…test corrections due by … QUIZ Wednesday!!! QUIZ Wednesday!!! o Chapter 3 Review & Vocab due!!!

81. KEY CONCEPT: Materials move across membranes because of concentration differences. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis

82. happens naturally, does not require energy!!!! Molec.s move across cell membrane From HIGH conc. to LOW conc. 2 types:

83. spreading out of molecs across cell membrane until equal conc. inside & out; move IN/OUT

85. Diffusion happens when..... Molecules moveMolecules move Conc. gradient existsConc. gradient exists molecules move from HIGH to LOW conc.molecules move from HIGH to LOW conc. pass directly across cell membranepass directly across cell membrane diffuse INTO or OUT OF celldiffuse INTO or OUT OF cell

86. Diffusion = spreading out of mlc’s across a cell membrane until they are equally concentrated!

87. It doesn’t always happen naturally... Too big to pass directly through membrane— need help from transport proteins Hi  Low Conc PROTEIN CHANNEL NO ENERGY!

88. Channel protein Channel protein Glucose Glucose Concentration Concentration Direction Direction ENERGY? ENERGY?

89. EGG LAB Final day Final day Pay close attention to directions Pay close attention to directions CLEAN UP all materials CLEAN UP all materials Keep your team mates on task! Keep your team mates on task! Questions @ end! Questions @ end!

90. What’s a NINJA’s favorite BEVERAGE????

91. Diffusion of WATER molecs thru selectively permeable membrane Hi WATER  Lo WATER (HI water = LO solute) No Energy

92. 3 types of solutions result:3 types of solutions result: isotonichypotonichypertonic

93. isotonichypotonichypertonic

94. isotonichypotonichypertonic

95. isotonichypotonichypertonic

96. Cells react to different solutions!!

97. Cell Animations ONLINE! http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_gr oup.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biolog y&var=animated_biology http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_gr oup.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biolog y&var=animated_biology http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_gr oup.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biolog y&var=animated_biology http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_gr oup.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biolog y&var=animated_biology

98. Review!!! What is selective permeability? What is diffusion? What molecule diffuses easily across a cell membrane? How do molecules that cannot pass get across a membrane barrier? What is osmosis? Why was the movie you watched called Osmosis Jones?? What is the difference between active and passive transport?

99. Review!!! What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution? What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? What is homeostasis and what does osmosis have to do with it?