1. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

2. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition PART THREE More Materials of Music “All music is nothing more than a succession of impulses that converge towards a definite point of repose.” —Igor Stravinsky

3. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Unit V The Organization of Musical Sounds “Composing is like driving down a foggy road toward a house. Slowly you see more details of the house, the color and slates and bricks, the shape of the windows. The notes are the bricks and mortar of the house.” —Benjamin Britten

4. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 17. Musical Systems A vibrating string sounds a certain pitch Octave is basic interval Western octave: 12 equal semitones –(half steps) Major/minor scales: 7 pitches drawn from the 12 Billings:”Chester” (octave doubling) Vivaldi: Concerto for Piccolo (major key) Vivaldi: Concerto Grosso (minor key)

5. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Formation of Major and Minor Scales 12 semitones make up chromatic scale –White keys on a keyboard –Black keys on a keyboard –Two half steps = whole step Octave # # # # # half steps whole step &

6. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition White Keys: C D E F G A B C Black keys are in between the white keys Up a scale sharp ( # ) Down a scale flat ( b ) Black key above C is C #, D is D #, etc. Black key below D is D b, E is E b, etc. &

7. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Key Tonic &

8. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Major Scale Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-do No black keys between E and F (mi–fa) or B and C (ti–do) E–F and B–C are half steps Other white keys are whole step apart Do re mi fa sol la ti do &

9. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Major Scales Pattern Major mode: w w h w w w h Tonic (do) Dominant (sol) Do re mi fa sol la ti do &

10. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Minor Scale Minor mode: w h w w h w w Do re mi fa sol la ti do b b b &

11. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Chromaticism Tones foreign to a key weaken the tonic relationship –Chromatic tones –Diatonic tones # # # # # & C major scale

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Other Scale Types Non-Western Pentatonic (5 note) Tritonic (3 note) Heptatonic (7 note) Microtonal scale Pentatonic Scale &

13. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Different Ascending and Descending Patterns Indian ragas b b b bb b Ascending Descending & &

14. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 18. Aspects of the Major-Minor System Using new key or temporarily shifting the tonal center b Original melody Transposed melody (up a 4th) Modulation (relative minor) & & &

15. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8(1) Active and Rest Chords Tonic triad Dominant triad Subdominant triad tonicdominantsubdominant &

16. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Key as a Form-Building Element Key provides musical unity Movement from key to key creates a form Home key provides unity Foreign key provides variety and contrast

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